Hierarchical Power Flow Control of a Grid-tied Photovoltaic Plant Using a Battery-Supercapacitor Energy Storage System

Fuzzy logic control of plug-in supercapacitor storage for thermoelectric management of batteries

“…A dynamic rate limiter that suppresses surges in battery current was reported in [21]. Optimal control for power allocation between battery and SC in HESS was also investigated in previous research [22,23,24]. A dynamic optimization model presented in [22] showed good power split capabilities in the context of batter-SC HESS operated as part of a grid-tied renewable power system.…”

Solution for Voltage and Frequency Regulation in Standalone Microgrid using Hybrid Multiobjective Symbiotic Organism Search Algorithm

“…Hence, the power controller uses the enhanced droop control strategy to compute the nominal frequency and voltage set point from Equations (11) and (12). The output values of the power controller act as the input of the voltage controller.…”

“…A few schemes like voltage-control-based and current-control-based are utilized [11]. Interconnecting sufficient inverters for smooth exchange from grid-associated mode to islanded mode provides more understanding with the use of sustainable power source assets [12]. The sustainable power source goes about as a grid-alone mode (for example, solar, wind, and geothermal sources) and the utilization of these sources of power can be measured by different inverters and controllers.…”

A hierarchical predictive control for supercapacitor-retrofitted grid-connected hybrid renewable systems

“…A second-order filter is developed for power allocation between the hybrid ESS components. A hierarchical dynamic optimal model for real-time tracking of the grid power reference was proposed in [33]. These strategies mainly focus on the control of utility-scale renewable plants, with little attention paid to the case of smaller systems, where the presence of local demand plays a significant role in the definition of operational objectives.…”