Hierarchical Predictive Control of Microgrids in Islanded Operation

Bella, Alessio La; Cominesi, Stefano Raimondi; Sandroni, Claudio; Scattolini, Riccardo

doi:10.1109/tase.2016.2633397

Cited by 59 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The resulting daily total energy cost is reduced by 19.1% compared to the uncoordinated mode of operations [40]. Finally, another class of studies related to residential energy management addresses microgrids operating in islanded mode (i.e., disconnected from the power grid) [41]- [42]. In such studies the objective of the on-line optimization is focused on the reliability of operations of the microgrid, since the connection with the utility grid is not available and the supplied energy mainly comes from highly variables sources such as solar and wind.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy scheduling of a smart microgrid with shared photovoltaic panels and storage: The case of the Ballen marina in Samsø

Carli

Dotoli

Jantzen

et al. 2020

Energy

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This paper focuses on the Model Predictive Control (MPC) based energy scheduling of a smart microgrid equipped with non-controllable (i.e., with fixed power profile) and controllable (i.e., with flexible and programmable operation) electrical appliances, as well as photovoltaic (PV) panels, and a battery energy storage system (BESS). The proposed control strategy aims at a simultaneous optimal planning of the controllable loads, the shared resources (i.e., the storage system charge/discharge and renewable energy usage), and the energy exchange with the grid. The control scheme relies on an iterative finite horizon on-line optimization, implementing a mixed integer linear programming energy scheduling algorithm to maximize the self-supply with solar energy and/or minimize the daily cost of energy bought from the grid under timevarying energy pricing. At each time step, the resulting optimization problem is solved providing the optimal operations of controllable loads, the optimal amount of energy to be bought/sold from/to the grid, and the optimal charging/discharging profile for the BESS. The proposed energy scheduling approach is applied to the demand side management control of the marina of Ballen, Samsø (Denmark), where a smart microgrid is currently being implemented as a demonstrator in the Horizon2020 European research project SMILE. Simulations considering the marina electric consumption (340 boat sockets, a service building equipped with a sauna and a wastewater pumping station, and the harbour master's office equipped with a heat pump), PV production (60kWp), and the BESS (237kWh capacity) based on a public real dataset are carried out on a one year time series with a 1 hour resolution. Simulations indicate that the proposed approach allows 90% exploitation of the production of the PV plant. Furthermore, results are compared to a naïve control approach. The MPC based energy scheduling improves the self-supply by 1.6% compared to the naïve control. Optimization of the business economy using the MPC approach, instead, yields to 8.2% savings in the yearly energy cost with respect to the naïve approach.

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Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy scheduling of a smart microgrid with shared photovoltaic panels and storage: The case of the Ballen marina in Samsø

Carli

Dotoli

Jantzen

et al. 2020

Energy

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“…Therefore, by satisfying (11), one can simultaneously guarantee the uniqueness of load voltages and the stability of the DCmG.…”

Section: A Secondary Control Based On Power Flow Equationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A common solution is to exploit an energy management system (EMS), which can meet specified power and energy objectives while respecting generation constraints and other economic objectives like optimal power dispatch, load sharing, and battery management. Flowchartbased EMS encompassing multiple case scenarios are discussed in [9], [10] whereas the use of optimization methods and predictive algorithms to design EMS is investigated in [11], [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Supervisory Control Structure for Voltage-Controlled Islanded DC Microgrids

Bella

Ferrari-Trecate

2019

2019 IEEE 58th Conference on Decision and Control (CDC)

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In this work, we propose a supervisory control structure in islanded DC microgrids such that a well scheduled and balanced utilization of various resources is achieved. Our supervisory control layer rests on top of a voltage-controlled primary layer and comprises a secondary layer, which receives power references from an energy management system. The secondary layer translates these power into appropriate voltage references by solving an optimization problem. These references act as an input for the primary voltage controllers. We show that the unconstrained secondary optimization problem is always feasible. Moreover, since the voltages can only be enforced at the generator nodes, we provide a novel condition to guarantee the uniqueness of load voltages and power injection of the generation units. Indeed, in the absence of uniqueness, for fixed generator voltages, the load nodes and power injections may be different than planned. This can result in violation of operational limits causing damage to the connected loads. Moreover, this uniqueness condition can be verified at each load node by utilizing local load parameters, and does not require any information about microgrid topology. The functioning of the proposed architecture is tested via simulations.

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“…This method is modified to consider small systems, such as low-voltage MGs [27]. In such systems, the R/X L rate of line impedance is generally high (e.g., R/X L = 7.7 [31]). Therefore, the line impedance characteristics can be considered as mainly resistive.…”

Section: Primary Stagementioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced Two-Stage Hierarchical Control for a Dual Mode WECS-Based Microgrid

Imran¹,

Wang²

2018

Energies

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Along with the great benefits of utilizing renewable energy (e.g., wind energy) in the power system, there are also some issues, such as increasing the uncertainty and reducing the system inertia. Communication-based centralized control has started to play a significant role in reacting to the aforementioned issues, especially for relatively small systems, such as microgrids. In this context, in this paper, an enhanced communication-based hierarchical control for a dual mode wind energy conversion system-based microgrid is modeled and investigated. The primary stage utilized the P-V/Q-f droop method, which is the preferred droop method to be used in microgrids when the line impedance is mainly resistive. The secondary stage relied on an enhanced methodology for compensating the deviations of voltage and frequency and improving the performance of the microgrid during small and large signal disturbances. Moreover, as this microgrid operates in a dual mode, the mode transition cases from grid-tied mode to autonomous mode and vice versa have been addressed. Thereafter, an improved control scheme for the unplanned outage transition and a modified control scheme for the pre-synchronization and reconnection transition were proposed. Finally, the proposed work was evaluated by the simulation results in MATLAB environment.

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Hierarchical Predictive Control of Microgrids in Islanded Operation

Cited by 59 publications

References 19 publications

Energy scheduling of a smart microgrid with shared photovoltaic panels and storage: The case of the Ballen marina in Samsø

Energy scheduling of a smart microgrid with shared photovoltaic panels and storage: The case of the Ballen marina in Samsø

A Supervisory Control Structure for Voltage-Controlled Islanded DC Microgrids

Enhanced Two-Stage Hierarchical Control for a Dual Mode WECS-Based Microgrid

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