Here we report rapid control of the morphology of a polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS)-containing block copolymer (PEO 143 -b-PMAPOSS 12 ), which is composed of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and POSS-containing poly(methacrylate), (PMAPOSS), between ordered arrays of dots and lines for several tens of seconds by a combination of thermal annealing and solvent annealing. The PEO 143 -b-PMAPOSS 12 was synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization of POSS methacrylate by using a macroinitiator of PEO. An ordered array of dots was obtained by thermal annealing for the as-spun cast thin film at 90 1C for 60 s. The resultant ordered dots were quickly converted to lines by solvent annealing with chloroform vapor at room temperature for 120 s. The lines were converted back to dots by thermal annealing under the same conditions (90 1C, 60 s) without any changes to the initial diameter, d-spacing or thickness. We also demonstrated the simple and rapid formation of a hexagonally packed array of dots by spin casting onto a trench-patterned silicon wafer under chloroform vapor. Under thermal and solvent annealing conditions, reversibility and a high degree of ordering in the phase morphology of PEO 143 -b-PMAPOSS 12 are distinctive properties that can be attributed to highly mobile polymer chains. Polymer Journal (2012) 44, 658-664; doi:10.1038/pj.2012.67; published online 18 April 2012Keywords: annealing; block copolymer; polyethylene oxide (PEO); polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS); self-assembly; thin film
INTRODUCTIONThe self-assembly of thin films from block copolymers (BCPs) has attracted a considerable research interest because of the potential applications to plasmonic waveguides, magnetic logic gates, magnetic data storage and microelectronic devices. 1-7 Block copolymer lithography (BCPL) is a promising next generation lithographic technique that could be used for high-throughput and large-area nanolithography; BCPL utilizes the self-assembled nanostructures that form by microphase separation of BCP in thin films. [8][9][10][11][12] The vast majority of research on self-assembling polymers for BCPL has been devoted to polystyrene-block-poly(methyl methacrylate) because the PMMA block can be selectively removed by ultraviolet or oxygen plasma exposure. 13-15 Despite significant progress, controlling the orientation and long-range ordering of the microphase-separated nanodomains in the thin films remains a formidable technological challenge in terms of feature sizes. It is difficult to form features with a full pitch size o20 nm with most BCPs because of their small FloryHuggins interaction parameter. Silicon-containing BCPs, such as poly(styrene-block-dimethylsiloxane) (PS-b-PDMS), [16][17][18] PS-blockpoly(ferrocenylsilane) [19][20][21] and PMMA-block-polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS)-containing poly(methacrylate), (PMMA-b-