Hierarchical SnO₂/Carbon Nanofibrous Composite Derived from Cellulose Substance as Anode Material for Lithium‐Ion Batteries

Abstract

A hierarchical fibrous SnO2 /carbon nanocomposite composed of fine SnO2 nanocrystallites immobilized as a thin layer on a carbon nanofiber surface was synthesized employing natural cellulose substance as both scaffold and carbon source. It was achieved by calcination/carbonization of the as-deposited SnO2 -gel/cellulose hybrid in an argon atmosphere. As being employed as an anode material for lithium-ion batteries, the porous structures, small SnO2 crystallite sizes, and the carbon buffering matrix possessed by the nanocomposite facilitate the electrode-electrolyte contact, promote the electron transfer and Li(+) diffusion, and relieve the severe volume change and aggregation of the active particles during the charge/discharge cycles. Hence, the nanocomposite showed high reversible capacity, significant cycling stability, and rate capability that are superior to the nanotubular SnO2 and SnO2 sol-gel powder counter materials. For such a composite with 27.8 wt % SnO2 content and 346.4 m(2) g(-1) specific surface area, a capacity of 623 mAh g(-1) was delivered after 120 cycles at 0.2 C. Further coating of the SnO2 /carbon nanofibers with an additional carbon layer resulted in an improved cycling stability and rate performance.

Bio-Inspired Hierarchical Nanofibrous Fe3O4–TiO2–Carbon Composite as a High-Performance Anode Material for Lithium-Ion Batteries

“…This is demonstrated by the current work and our previous study. 41 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 ...…”

Self‐Assembly Approach for Synthesis of Nanotubular Molybdenum Trioxide/Titania Composite Anode for Lithium‐Ion Batteries

“…In particular, LbL‐based biotemplated synthesis has drawn much attention in the recent years for the fabrication of nanostructured materials with tailored structures and functionalities . As demonstrated by our previous studies and other reports in the literature, a variety of functional inorganic materials with nanoscale structural features have been fabricated by employing natural cellulose as the ideal template or scaffold. When utilized as anode materials for LIBs, they showed enhanced electrochemical performances due to sophisticated hierarchical structures .…”

“…Rechargeable lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) are regarded as one of the most promising energy‐storage systems due to their attractive features, including high energy density, large power density, low self‐discharge rate, long cycle life, and environmental benignity, and hence, have been extensively applied in portable electronic devices, smart girds, and electric vehicles . A typical LIB system contains a cathode and an anode, as well as a separator filled with a nonaqueous electrolyte that connects the positive and negative electrodes and avoids internal short‐circuit . Therefore, the electrode materials employed for LIBs would have crucial influences on the battery performances .…”

Natural Cellulose Derived Nanocomposites as Anodic Materials for Lithium‐Ion Batteries

“…We have investigated the tin oxide based anodic materials derived from the natural cellulose substances systematically. For instance, a hierarchical nanofibrous SnO 2 /carbon composite was fabricated by employing the ordinary laboratory cellulose filter paper as the scaffold and carbon source (Figure a) . It was composed of carbon microfiber assemblies, and each carbon microfiber was composed of carbon nanofibers coated with fine crystalline SnO 2 nanoparticles on the surfaces.…”