“…PM 2.5 air pollution studies, in particular, have investigated its possible association with certain adverse health effects (Dockery et al, 1993;Pope et al, 1995;Gauderman et al, 2000;Samet et al, 2000;Tainio et al, 2005;Mascarenhas et al, 2008). Environmental organizations, regulatory groups, and local governments have launched projects that monitor general PM air pollution levels, in an effort to adequately represent their patterns across space-time under conditions of uncertainty Serre, 2000a, 2000b;Christakos et al, 2001;Kibria et al, 2002;Smith et al, 2003;Serre et al, 2004;Allshouse et al, 2006;Liao et al, 2006;Bell et al, 2007;Cocchi et al, 2007;Bogaert et al, 2009;Yu et al, 2009). The latter task calls on the need for rigorous methods that can provide informative space-time estimates and dynamic visualizations (maps) of PM 2.5 pollution throughout a geographical region.…”