Hierarchical video distribution over Internet-style networks

Hoffman, David H.; Speer, M.

doi:10.1109/icip.1996.559418

“…Concurrent with our work, Hoffman and Speer have built a similar system based on the layered multicast architecture [20]. They use multiple frame rates of JPEG video to generate a temporal hierarchy and employ two techniques for adaptation.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In an integrated services network, a receiver could explicitly negotiate with the network to determine the appropriate number of layers [20], with or without consideration of a pricing structure. In this case, RLM adaptation is not necessary.…”

Section: Future Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Receiver-driven layered multicast

McCanneSteven

¹

,

JacobsonVan

²

,

VetterliMartin

³

1996

SIGCOMM Comput. Commun. Rev.

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State of the art, real-time, rate-adaptive, multimedia applications adjust their transmission rate to match the available network capacity. Unfortunately, this source-based rate-adaptation performs poorly in a heterogeneous multicast environment because there is no single target rate -the conflicting bandwidth requirements of all receivers cannot be simultaneously satisfied with one transmission rate. If the burden of rate-adaption is moved from the source to the receivers, heterogeneity is accommodated. One approach to receiver-driven adaptation is to combine a layered source coding algorithm with a layered transmission system. By selectively forwarding subsets of layers at constrained network links, each user receives the best quality signal that the network can deliver. We and others have proposed that selective-forwarding be carried out using multiple IP-Multicast groups where each receiver specifies its level of subscription by joining a subset of the groups. In this paper, we extend the multiple group framework with a rate-adaptation protocol called Receiver-driven Layered Multicast, or RLM. Under RLM, multicast receivers adapt to both the static heterogeneity of link bandwidths as well as dynamic variations in network capacity (i.e., congestion). We describe the RLM protocol and evaluate its performance with a preliminary simulation study that characterizes user-perceived quality by assessing loss rates over multiple time scales. For the configurations we simulated, RLM results in good throughput with transient short-term loss rates on the order of a few percent and long-term loss rates on the order of one percent. Finally, we discuss our implementation of a software-based Internet video codec and its integration with RLM.

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“…The system must have mechanisms for determining, communicating, and executing the selective forwarding of subflows along all the links in a distribution. While much of the previous work leaves this as an implementation detail, a novel mechanism based on IP Multicast was suggested by Deering [6] and elaborated on and/or independently reported in [4,9,20,26,33]. In this approach, the different layers of the hierarchical signal are striped across multiple multicast groups and receivers adapt to congestion by adding and dropping layers (i.e., joining and leaving multicast groups).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Receiver-driven layered multicast

McCanne

¹

,

Jacobson

²

,

Vetterli

³

1996

Conference Proceedings on Applications, Technologies, Architectures, and Protocols for Computer Communications

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State of the art, real-time, rate-adaptive, multimedia applications adjust their transmission rate to match the available network capacity. Unfortunately, this source-based rate-adaptation performs poorly in a heterogeneous multicast environment because there is no single target rate -the conflicting bandwidth requirements of all receivers cannot be simultaneously satisfied with one transmission rate. If the burden of rate-adaption is moved from the source to the receivers, heterogeneity is accommodated. One approach to receiver-driven adaptation is to combine a layered source coding algorithm with a layered transmission system. By selectively forwarding subsets of layers at constrained network links, each user receives the best quality signal that the network can deliver. We and others have proposed that selective-forwarding be carried out using multiple IP-Multicast groups where each receiver specifies its level of subscription by joining a subset of the groups. In this paper, we extend the multiple group framework with a rate-adaptation protocol called Receiver-driven Layered Multicast, or RLM. Under RLM, multicast receivers adapt to both the static heterogeneity of link bandwidths as well as dynamic variations in network capacity (i.e., congestion). We describe the RLM protocol and evaluate its performance with a preliminary simulation study that characterizes user-perceived quality by assessing loss rates over multiple time scales. For the configurations we simulated, RLM results in good throughput with transient short-term loss rates on the order of a few percent and long-term loss rates on the order of one percent. Finally, we discuss our implementation of a software-based Internet video codec and its integration with RLM.

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“…Therefore, the sender rate is usually adapted to the requirements of the worst positioned receiver, thereby reducing the quality of the data perceived at all receiving sites. This limitation can be overcome using layered transmission mechanisms as was proposed in [10,9,7]. Those proposals are based on partitioning a data stream into a base layer, comprising the information needed to achieve the lowest quality representation and a number of enhancement layers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

QoS control using adaptive layered data transmission

Sisalem¹,

Emanuel²

Proceedings. IEEE International Conference on Multimedia Computing and Systems (Cat. No.98TB100241)

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To improve the QoS of best-effort based networks and accommodate heterogeneous receivers different solutions based on applying hierarchical transmission of data streams have been introduced. These solutions are based on multicasting a base layer which is received by all interested end systems. In addition, enhancement layers are transmitted that improve the quality of the base layer. Each receiver can determine the number of enhancement layers to join and thereby the QoS he would like to receive based on its own capabilities and view of the network congestion state. With this approach, however, the quality of a received data stream is improved or reduced with the granularity of one layer. Depending on the encoding and transmission method used, the additional bandwidth required by each layer can vary greatly. To fine tune the QoS changes, we propose in this paper to enhance the hierarchical transmission schemes through sender adaptation using a scheme called adaptive layered transmission (ALT). With the ALT approach, the sender dynamically redistributes a data stream on the different layers based on the feedback of the receivers. In addition, ALT allows for dynamic discovery of the appropriate transmission rate for each layer. First results obtained through simulations suggest an overall improvement of the QoS perceived by heterogeneous receivers.

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Hierarchical video distribution over Internet-style networks

Cited by 37 publications

References 5 publications

Receiver-driven layered multicast

Receiver-driven layered multicast

Receiver-driven layered multicast

QoS control using adaptive layered data transmission

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