Hierarchically nanoporous nickel-based actuators with giant reversible strain and ultrahigh work density

Bai, Qingguo; Wang, Yan; Zhang, Jie; Ding, Yi; Peng, Zhangquan; Zhang, Zhonghua

doi:10.1039/c5tc03048j

Cited by 39 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The graph shows engineering stress versus engineering strain plots of as-dealloyed npCN (black line) as well as samples annealed for 20, 30 and 45 min at 400 • C with corresponding ligament sizes. Analog to previous studies on nanoporous base metals [29,31,[43][44][45]57], asdealloyed npCN shows brittle deformation behavior upon compression. Still, with a compressive and fracture stress of more than 50 MPa, respectively, as-dealloyed npCN is strong compared to other nanoporous metals, such as those of Refs [19,20,32,57,58].…”

Section: Structural Characterizationsupporting

confidence: 77%

Nanoporous Copper-Nickel – Macroscopic bodies of a strong and deformable nanoporous base metal by dealloying

Lührs

Weißmüller

2018

Scripta Materialia

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Uniform macroscopic samples of nanoporous metal with high deformability have so far been limited to precious metals such as Au, Pd and Pt. Here we propose nanoporous Copper-Nickel (npCN) as a nanoporous base metal that can be made with mm dimensions and exhibits significant deformability. NpCN forms a uniform bicontinous network structure with feature sizes that can be controlled from 13 to 40 nm by thermal annealing. Continuous compression tests confirm ductile deformation behavior accompanied with a high strength compared to macroporous Cu-and Ni-foams with similar solid fraction.

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Section: Structural Characterizationsupporting

confidence: 77%

Nanoporous Copper-Nickel – Macroscopic bodies of a strong and deformable nanoporous base metal by dealloying

Lührs

Weißmüller

2018

Scripta Materialia

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“…These include multiphase alloys, including Ni-Al, [102] Al-Cu, [103,104] and Al-Au, [105,106] as well as ternary alloys such as Al-Pd-Au [107] and Pt-Ti-Al [108] that generate binary alloy np materials. These include multiphase alloys, including Ni-Al, [102] Al-Cu, [103,104] and Al-Au, [105,106] as well as ternary alloys such as Al-Pd-Au [107] and Pt-Ti-Al [108] that generate binary alloy np materials.…”

Section: Dealloyingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This has been demonstrated for Ni (Figure 15b), where surface layers of nickel hydroxide, several molecules in thickness, can undergo cycles of the oxidation state. [102] The strain amplitude may be amplified in microstructures with multiple length-scales. [102] The strain amplitude may be amplified in microstructures with multiple length-scales.…”

Section: Actuation and Active Strain Sensingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoporous Metals with Structural Hierarchy: A Review

et al. 2017

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Nanoporous (np) metals have generated much interest since they combine several desirable material characteristics, such as high surface area, mechanical size effects, and high conductivity. Most of the research has been focused on np Au due to its relatively straightforward synthesis, chemical stability, and many promising applications in the fields of catalysis and actuation. Other materials, such as np-Cu, Ag, and Pd have also been studied. This review discusses recent advances in the field of np metals, focusing on new research areas that implement and leverage structural hierarchy while using np metals as their base structural constituents. First, we focus on single-element porous metals that are made of np metals at the fundamental level, but synthesized with additional levels of porosity. Second, we discuss the fabrication of composite structures, which use auxiliary materials to enhance the properties of np metals. Important applications of these hierarchical materials, especially in the fields of catalysis and electrochemistry, are also reviewed. Finally, we conclude with a discussion about future opportunities for the advancement and application of np metals.

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“…A number of new actuators based on nanoporous metals have been recently prepared and reported as desirable artificial metallic materials for the fast response and high performance of electrochemical actuation in the past decade [ 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 ]. One of most efficient strategies to improve the actuation behavior is to prepare a nanoporous structure with different metals (e.g., Au, Pd, AuPt, Ag, Al, Ni) [ 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 ]. The electrochemical actuation of nanoporous metal materials is also strongly dependent on the electrochemical process (e.g., surface oxide) [ 31 ], which can be used as a tool to tune the actuation behavior.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, nanoporous metals in bulk form can also undertake considerable reversible compressive loading, which is considered as a pre-requisite for actuator applications. A number of new actuators based on nanoporous metals have been recently prepared and reported as desirable artificial metallic materials for the fast response and high performance of electrochemical actuation in the past decade [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33]. One of most efficient strategies to improve the actuation behavior is to prepare a nanoporous structure with different metals (e.g., Au, Pd, AuPt, Ag, Al, Ni) [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Mechanical Effect of MnO2 Layers on Electrochemical Actuation Performance of Nanoporous Gold

Han

Wei

et al. 2020

Nanomaterials

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This study investigated the electrochemical actuation behavior of nanoporous material during the capacitive process. The length change of nanoporous gold (npg) was in situ investigated in a liquid environment using the dilatometry technique. The mechanical effect of MnO2 layers was introduced in this work to improve the actuation characteristics of the npg samples. Our work found that the actuation behavior of npg sample could be significantly modulated with a covering of MnO2 layers. The electrochemical actuation amplitude was efficiently improved and strongly dependent on the thickness of MnO2 layers covered. Aside from the amplitude, the phase relation between the length change and the electrode potential was inverted when covering the MnO2 layer on the npg samples. This means the expansion of the npg samples and the contraction of samples covered with the MnO2 layer when electrochemical potential sweeps positively. A simple finite element model was built up to understand the effect of the MnO2 layer. The agreement between the simulation result and the experimental data indicates that the sign-inverted actuation-potential response of nanoporous gold contributes to the mechanical effect of MnO2. It is believed that our work could offer a deep understanding on the effect of the MnO2 layer on the electrochemical actuation and then provide a useful strategy to modulate the actuation performance of nanoporous metal materials.

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Hierarchically nanoporous nickel-based actuators with giant reversible strain and ultrahigh work density

Abstract: Bulk hierarchically nanoporous nickel has been fabricated by dealloying and it shows state-of-the-art electrochemical actuation properties in alkaline electrolytes.

Cited by 39 publications

References 33 publications

Nanoporous Copper-Nickel – Macroscopic bodies of a strong and deformable nanoporous base metal by dealloying

Nanoporous Copper-Nickel – Macroscopic bodies of a strong and deformable nanoporous base metal by dealloying

Nanoporous Metals with Structural Hierarchy: A Review

The Mechanical Effect of MnO2 Layers on Electrochemical Actuation Performance of Nanoporous Gold

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