Hierarchy of orofacial rhythms revealed through whisking and breathing

Moore, Jeffrey D.; Deschênes, Martin; Furuta, Takeshi; Huber, Daniel; Smear, Matthew C.; Demers, Maxime; Kleinfeld, David

doi:10.1038/nature12076

Cited by 306 publications

(393 citation statements)

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“…3(c)]. In the brainstem, we found that wM1 projects to regions closely associated with whisker movement including facial nucleus 39,40 and a strong innervation of brainstem reticular formation 15,[40][41][42] [ Fig. 3(d)].…”

Section: Projections From Frontal Cortex To Sensorymentioning

confidence: 85%

“…15,40 wM1 directly innervates facial nucleus 39,40 and prominently innervates brainstem reticular regions, which contain premotor neurons related to whisker movements. [40][41][42] These pathways, and others including those via superior colliculus and striatum (Fig. 3), might contribute to translating action potential firing in wM1 into rhythmic whisker protraction.…”

Section: Functional Roles Of Frontal Cortexmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Parallel pathways from whisker and visual sensory cortices to distinct frontal regions of mouse neocortex

et al. 2016

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Abstract. The spatial organization of mouse frontal cortex is poorly understood. Here, we used voltage-sensitive dye to image electrical activity in the dorsal cortex of awake head-restrained mice. Whisker-deflection evoked the earliest sensory response in a localized region of primary somatosensory cortex and visual stimulation evoked the earliest responses in a localized region of primary visual cortex. Over the next milliseconds, the initial sensory response spread within the respective primary sensory cortex and into the surrounding higher order sensory cortices. In addition, secondary hotspots in the frontal cortex were evoked by whisker and visual stimulation, with the frontal hotspot for whisker deflection being more anterior and lateral compared to the frontal hotspot evoked by visual stimulation. Investigating axonal projections, we found that the somatosensory whisker cortex and the visual cortex directly innervated frontal cortex, with visual cortex axons innervating a region medial and posterior to the innervation from somatosensory cortex, consistent with the location of sensory responses in frontal cortex. In turn, the axonal outputs of these two frontal cortical areas innervate distinct regions of striatum, superior colliculus, and brainstem. Sensory input, therefore, appears to map onto modality-specific regions of frontal cortex, perhaps participating in distinct sensorimotor transformations, and directing distinct motor outputs.

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Section: Projections From Frontal Cortex To Sensorymentioning

confidence: 85%

Section: Functional Roles Of Frontal Cortexmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parallel pathways from whisker and visual sensory cortices to distinct frontal regions of mouse neocortex

et al. 2016

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“…Active exploration of flow structure may help the rat distinguish between externally generated flow and flow generated by locomotion, typically near ∼1 m s −1 (Arkley et al, 2014). When taken with the recent discovery that whisking and sniffing are synchronized by a common central pattern generator (Moore et al, 2013), the present work suggests that vibrissotactile sensation may be important to olfactory search behaviors. Neurons in the trigeminal pathway respond strongly to airpuffs, and the present work demonstrates not only that vibrissae are mechanically sensitive to airflow, but also that the rat could actively adjust how the vibrissae respond to airflow.…”

Section: The Mechanics Of Airflow Versus Touchmentioning

confidence: 90%

Mechanical responses of rat vibrissae to airflow

Graff

Hartmann

2016

Journal of Experimental Biology

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The survival of many animals depends in part on their ability to sense the flow of the surrounding fluid medium. To date, however, little is known about how terrestrial mammals sense airflow direction or speed. The present work analyzes the mechanical response of isolated rat macrovibrissae (whiskers) to airflow to assess their viability as flow sensors. Results show that the whisker bends primarily in the direction of airflow and vibrates around a new average position at frequencies related to its resonant modes. The bending direction is not affected by airflow speed or by geometric properties of the whisker. In contrast, the bending magnitude increases strongly with airflow speed and with the ratio of the whisker's arc length to base diameter. To a much smaller degree, the bending magnitude also varies with the orientation of the whisker's intrinsic curvature relative to the direction of airflow. These results are used to predict the mechanical responses of vibrissae to airflow across the entire array, and to show that the rat could actively adjust the airflow data that the vibrissae acquire by changing the orientation of its whiskers. We suggest that, like the whiskers of pinnipeds, the macrovibrissae of terrestrial mammals are multimodal sensors -able to sense both airflow and touch -and that they may play a particularly important role in anemotaxis.

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“…We found significant covariation between the two parameters in only one of the data subsets (continuous substrate, all vibrissae present). However, other physiological or behavioral conditions could favor a coupling between whisking and limb motion, especially if the respiratory rhythm-generating network in the brain stem is working as a mediator between locomotion and facial movements (Moore et al, 2013;Sofroniew et al, 2014).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%