Hypoxia-inducible factor 1␣ (HIF1␣) induction in adipocytes is a critical component of the "fibrotic response," directly linked to metabolic dysfunction in adipose tissues under hypoxic conditions. We reasoned that inhibition of HIF1␣ may ameliorate the negative aspects of the obesity-associated fat pad expansion. We used the selective HIF1␣ inhibitor PX-478, whose effectiveness has previously been established in tumor models. We demonstrate that PX-478 treatment effectively suppresses the high-fat-diet (HFD)-induced HIF1␣ activation in adipose tissue. HIF1␣ inhibition causes a reduction of weight gain in mice on an HFD but not on a chow diet. Treatment increases energy expenditure and prompts resistance to HFD-mediated deterioration of metabolic parameters. Moreover, PX-478-treated mice have reduced fibrosis and fewer inflammatory infiltrates in their adipose tissues. We confirm the metabolic effects obtained with PX-478 treatment using an adipose tissue-specific, doxycycline-inducible dominant negative HIF1␣ mutant (dn-HIF1␣). Consistent with the pharmacological results, genetic inhibition of endogenous HIF1␣ activity prompts similar metabolic improvements in HFD-fed mice. Collectively, our results demonstrate that HIF1␣ inhibition in the adipocyte leads to significant metabolic improvements, suggesting that selective HIF1␣ inhibition in adipose tissue may be an effective therapeutic avenue in the context of metabolic dysfunction.