High (15 Hz) and low (1 Hz) frequency transcranial magnetic stimulation have different acute effects on regional cerebral blood flow in depressed patients

Loo, Colleen; Sachdev, Perminder S.; Haindl, Walter; Wang, Wen; Mitchell, Philip B.; Croker, Vanessa; Malhi, Gin S

doi:10.1017/s0033291703007955

Cited by 100 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The decrease in metabolism in the left temporal cortex may cause a marked metabolic compensatory-like increase in the right corresponding cortex. The similar contralateral effect with the opposite direction was observed also in high-frequency rTMS [52,53] . The differences in the beta band density distribution found in our study by LORETA were in accordance with a lateralized metabolic effect obtained by PET analysis.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Effect of Low-Frequency rTMS on Electromagnetic Tomography (LORETA) and Regional Brain Metabolism (PET) in Schizophrenia Patients with Auditory Hallucinations

et al. 2007

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Background: Auditory hallucinations are characteristic symptoms of schizophrenia with high clinical importance. It was repeatedly reported that low frequency (≤1Hz) repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) diminishes treatment-resistant auditory hallucinations. A neuroimaging study elucidating the effect of rTMS in auditory hallucinations has yet to be published. Objective: To evaluate the distribution of neuronal electrical activity and the brain metabolism changes after low-frequency rTMS in patients with auditory hallucinations. Methods: Low-frequency rTMS (0.9 Hz, 100% of motor threshold, 20 min) applied to the left temporoparietal cortex was used for 10 days in the treatment of medication-resistant auditory hallucinations in schizophrenia (n = 12). The effect of rTMS on the low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography (LORETA) and brain metabolism (¹⁸FDG PET) was measured before and after 2 weeks of treatment. Results: We found a significant improvement in the total and positive symptoms (PANSS), and on the hallucination scales (HCS, AHRS). The rTMS decreased the brain metabolism in the left superior temporal gyrus and in interconnected regions, and effected increases in the contralateral cortex and in the frontal lobes. We detected a decrease in current densities (LORETA) for the beta-1 and beta-3 bands in the left temporal lobe whereas an increase was found for beta-2 band contralaterally. Conclusion: Our findings implicate that the effect is connected with decreased metabolism in the cortex underlying the rTMS site, while facilitation of metabolism is propagated by transcallosal and intrahemispheric connections. The LORETA indicates that the neuroplastic changes affect the functional laterality and provide the substrate for a metabolic effect.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Effect of Low-Frequency rTMS on Electromagnetic Tomography (LORETA) and Regional Brain Metabolism (PET) in Schizophrenia Patients with Auditory Hallucinations

et al. 2007

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“…19,56 On the other hand, Luborzewski and colleagues 22 failed to demonstrate neurochemical ACC alterations post HF-rTMS and Loo and colleagues 57 demonstrated that one session of LF-rTMS seemed rather to deactivate the ACC than to activate it. Further, (persistent) ACC asymmetries upon depression recovery are reported 58 and other studies have observed that HF-rTMS treatment resulted in higher ACC CMRglc, 13,16,59 just as we did.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

HF-rTMS Treatment in Medication-Resistant Melancholic Depression:Results from¹⁸FDG-PET Brain Imaging

Baeken¹,

Raedt

Hove³

et al. 2009

CNS spectr.

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“…Some authors share the opinion that nonpharmacological interventions might produce a greater placebo response than pharmacological ones [36], but others state that placebo rates decrease with severity of depression [37,38]. Furthermore, it cannot be ruled out that our sham condition also demonstrated some antidepressant effect, as LF rTMS also has an effect in the regional cerebral flow [39]. However, choosing a sham condition is a trade-off between effective blinding and truly inactive ‘stimulation’ [40].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultra-High-Frequency Left Prefrontal Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation as Augmentation in Severely Ill Patients with Depression: A Naturalistic Sham-Controlled, Double-Blind, Randomized Trial

Ullrich¹,

Kranaster²,

Sigges³

et al. 2012

Neuropsychobiology

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Background and Aim: Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is supposed to be not as effective in severe depression as it is in medium depression. We evaluated the treatment response to an ultra-high-frequency (UHF; 30 Hz) approach, which was used to maximize the rTMS efficacy in severely ill patients. Methods: 43 severely depressed patients were included in the randomized, double-blind study and received either rTMS with 30 Hz over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex or sham condition for 3 weeks as an add-on therapy to stable antidepressant medication. Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) and cognitive performance were evaluated before and after the intervention. Results: In the active UHF group, the HRDS score was reduced by about 7.2, whereas the sham condition showed a smaller reduction of the HDRS score with 3.9. However, lithium as a covariant was responsible for the outcome difference, not the group of stimulation. No adverse events were reported. Comparing the differences of both groups in the pre- and post-study performance in a trail-making test, a group effect for the UHF group that was not influenced by the lithium intake was observed. Conclusion: A 30-Hz left prefrontal rTMS in severely depressed patients was safe and no adverse events occurred. Due to a strong effect of lithium as a covariate, we could not demonstrate favorable antidepressant effects of the UHF stimulation compared to sham. However, we found an improvement of processing speed performance in the UHF group, which covaried with improvement of psychomotor retardation.

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High (15 Hz) and low (1 Hz) frequency transcranial magnetic stimulation have different acute effects on regional cerebral blood flow in depressed patients

Abstract: High (15 Hz) and low (1 Hz) frequency rTMS led to different frontal and remote relative rCBF changes, which suggests different neurophysiological and possibly neuropsychiatric consequences of a change in frequency of rTMS.

Cited by 100 publications

References 29 publications

Effect of Low-Frequency rTMS on Electromagnetic Tomography (LORETA) and Regional Brain Metabolism (PET) in Schizophrenia Patients with Auditory Hallucinations

Effect of Low-Frequency rTMS on Electromagnetic Tomography (LORETA) and Regional Brain Metabolism (PET) in Schizophrenia Patients with Auditory Hallucinations

HF-rTMS Treatment in Medication-Resistant Melancholic Depression:Results from¹⁸FDG-PET Brain Imaging

Ultra-High-Frequency Left Prefrontal Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation as Augmentation in Severely Ill Patients with Depression: A Naturalistic Sham-Controlled, Double-Blind, Randomized Trial

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High (15 Hz) and low (1 Hz) frequency transcranial magnetic stimulation have different acute effects on regional cerebral blood flow in depressed patients

Abstract: High (15 Hz) and low (1 Hz) frequency rTMS led to different frontal and remote relative rCBF changes, which suggests different neurophysiological and possibly neuropsychiatric consequences of a change in frequency of rTMS.

Cited by 100 publications

References 29 publications

Effect of Low-Frequency rTMS on Electromagnetic Tomography (LORETA) and Regional Brain Metabolism (PET) in Schizophrenia Patients with Auditory Hallucinations

Effect of Low-Frequency rTMS on Electromagnetic Tomography (LORETA) and Regional Brain Metabolism (PET) in Schizophrenia Patients with Auditory Hallucinations

HF-rTMS Treatment in Medication-Resistant Melancholic Depression:Results from18FDG-PET Brain Imaging

Ultra-High-Frequency Left Prefrontal Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation as Augmentation in Severely Ill Patients with Depression: A Naturalistic Sham-Controlled, Double-Blind, Randomized Trial

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HF-rTMS Treatment in Medication-Resistant Melancholic Depression:Results from¹⁸FDG-PET Brain Imaging