This paper will conduct an exhaustive analysis of sliding mode and variable structure filters, essential methodologies employed in signal processing that solve problems noisy and volatile environments induces. This study brings into focus the very foundations and practicality of interference filters by professional exploration of the theoretical basis, the extent of practical implementation, and the present research frontiers. It also emphasizes the critical role these filters play in making signal processing system more precise, adaptable, and resilient. The Sliding mode and the variable structure filters are optimal in the field of nonlinear problems that are augmented by interferences. These are what their purpose in noise reduction, error minimization and the system stability is. Review encompasses a wide range of applications, from robotics, aerospace to telecommunication with the aim to emphasis the variety and successfully of the filtering techniques when the signal processing is carried out in complex situations. The synthesis of the most recent achievements of the technology and discovery of the potential future directions passed down the concept of this work. The aim is to provide a push to developers to promote the implementation of the advanced application-specific solutions. And this discussion also demonstrates the flexible character that helps meet the demands of dynamic signal processing environments, forming the foundation for the next advanced systems that are adaptive and robust.