High adherence to the Mediterranean diet and Alternative Healthy Eating Index are associated with reduced odds of metabolic syndrome and its components in participants of the ORISCAV-LUX2 study

Abstract

BackgroundMetabolic syndrome (MetS) is a major risk factor for cardiometabolic complications. Certain dietary patterns play a pivotal role in improving MetS components. The aim of this investigation was to study associations between the Mediterranean Diet Score (MDS) and the Alternative Healthy Eating Index (AHEI) and the odds of MetS and its components in adults living in Luxembourg.MethodsData from 1,404 adults participating in the cross-sectional ORISCAV-LUX2 study were analyzed by a self-reported questionnaire, anthropometric measures, a food frequency questionnaire (174 items), and blood/urine samples.ResultsA significant association of dietary indices and MetS was not found except when expressing MetS as a score (continuous variable, log-transformed), based on the weighting of compounds using exploratory factor analysis with the MDS (β = −0.118, 95% CI: −0.346, −0.120) and AHEI (β = −0.133, 95% CI: −0.059, −0.019). Fully adjusted linear regression models further showed significant inverse associations between components of MetS and MDS (all as log-transformed variables), including body mass index (BMI) (β = −0.0067, 95% CI: −0.0099, −0.0036), waist-circumference (WC) (β = −0.0048, 95% CI: −0.0072, −0.0024), systolic blood pressure (SBP) (β = −0.0038, 95% CI: −0.0061, −0.0016), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (β = −0.0035, 95% CI: −0.0060, −0.0009). Similarly, significant inverse associations between AHEI and components of MetS (log-transformed) included BMI (β = −0.0001, 95% CI: −0.0016, −0.0002), WC (β = −0.0007, 95% CI: −0.0011, −0.0002), SBP (β = −0.0006, 95% CI: −0.0010, −0.0002), and DBP (β = −0.0006, 95% CI: −0.0011, −0.0001).ConclusionHigher adherence to a Mediterranean diet and following healthy eating guidelines were associated with reduced odds of MetS and several of its components in Luxembourgish residents, highlighting that balanced and healthy eating patterns are a crucial cornerstone in the fight against MetS.

Relationship between the Mediterranean Diet and Metabolic Syndrome and Each of the Components That Form It in Caucasian Subjects: A Cross-Sectional Trial

“…In this study, we found an association between the variables that define the MD and MetS as continuous variables and categorical variables. This association differs from that found in other studies, for example, a study conducted on 1404 adults in Luxembourg only found a significant association between the MD and MetS when used as a continuous score, based on the weighting of the compounds by exploratory factor analysis with MetS, but not when used as categorical variables [ 45 ]. However, the PREDIMED-PLUS study that included 5739 overweight/obese participants with MetS characteristics (aged 55 to 75 years) showed that participants with MetS tended to have lower adherence to the MD [ 25 ].…”

Relationship of Mediterranean Diet with Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components in Caucasian Subjects: A Cross-Sectional trial

“…In this study, we found an association between the variables that define MD and MetS as continuous variables (in multiple regression analysis) and categorical variables (in logistic regression analysis). This association differs from that found in other studies, so a study conducted on 1,404 adults in Luxembourg found a significant association between MD and MetS when used as a continuous score, based on the weighting of the compounds by exploratory factor analysis with MetS, but not when used as categorical variables [36]. However, the PREDIMED-PLUS study that included 5739 overweight/obese participants with MetS characteristics (aged 55 to 75 years) showed that participants with MetS tended to have lower adherence to MD [19].…”

Carotenoid pattern intake and relation to metabolic status, risk and syndrome, and its components – divergent findings from the ORISCAV-LUX-2 survey

“…In addition, a validated continuous score of MetS, derived from the siMetS score, was used to quantify metabolic risk (siMetS risk score), that is, the risk of cardio/cerebrovascular events, in all ORISCAV-LUX-2 participants (48) . The calculation of the siMetS risk score relies on the age of participants, with an age of 45 years (for men) or 50 years (the average age of menopause) as a threshold for increased incidence of cardio/cerebrovascular events (47) .…”