“…Second, in cooperative learning, the unit of activities is likely to be groups, and an emphasis is given to preforming the given roles in order to produce correct answers; it is rather difficult for an individual student who is stumbling or facing issues to stop the activities. Therefore, cooperative learning tends to result in having some bystanders (Radinsky, 2008) or free-riders (Cera Guy et al, 2019; Topping et al, 2011; Zambrano et al, 2019) who do not participate in learning activities, as the authors observed in the classrooms. In addition to these factors, with conditions like role division (de Beer and Petersen, 2017; Johnson, 2009; Law, 2014; Svechkarev and Grygorovych, 2016) and rewards (Johnson, 2009; Sears and Pai, 2012; Slavin, 2015; Unrau et al, 2015) it would become harder for those with questions to seek for help.…”