High-angle origin of the currently low-angle Badwater Turtleback fault, Death Valley, California

Miller, Martin G.

doi:10.1130/0091-7613(1991)019<0372:haootc>2.3.co;2

Cited by 36 publications

(23 citation statements)

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“…Pre-Cenozoic rocks crop out in NE-SW trending tectonic belts and comprise the İzmir-Ankara, Sakarya, Ezine zones and related ophiolitic rocks ( Figure 2) (Akçay et al, 2008;Duru et al, 2007;Okay, Siyako, & Bürkan, 1990, 1991Pehlivan et al, 2007). These basement rocks expose well between towns Danişment, Bengiler and Tütüncü ( Figure 2).…”

Section: Stratigraphymentioning

confidence: 96%

Late Oligocene–Early Miocene palaeoecology based on pollen data from the Kalkım-Gönen Basin (Northwest Turkey)

Durak

Akkiraz

2016

Geodinamica Acta

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Radiometric and palynological data of the Upper Oligocene-Lower Miocene Soma Formation from the Kalkım-Gönen Basin yield new results related to age and palynological contents. In this study, Upper Oligocene strata from the Daniş-ment and Linfa areas and Lower Miocene strata from the Bengiler area were sampled palynologically and for radiometric dating. The Danişment assemblage, which is older than the Linfa assemblages, mainly contains coniferous and evergreen to deciduous mixed mesophytic forest elements. Relatively high quantities of the altitudinal plants Picea and Abies, indicate a cooler palaeoclimate. The Linfa associations mainly include coniferous and riparian elements. Pollen of the riparian plant Alnus and Taxodiaceae indicative for the swamp forest community was predominant, probably as a result of a high lake level. There is a hiatus during the Oligocene-Miocene transition, probably showing a non-depositional phase and sea-level fall indicating the Mi-1 glaciation event. Higher in the sequence, the Aquitanian Bengiler sediments include high amounts of coniferous forest elements as well as components indicative for the evergreen and deciduous mesophytic forest and also riparian forest and swamp forest. Due to presence of thermophilous taxa Reveesia, Mastixiaceae and Arecaceae, a warm and humid palaeoclimate is inferred according to quantitative analyses using the Coexistence Approach.

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Section: Stratigraphymentioning

confidence: 96%

Late Oligocene–Early Miocene palaeoecology based on pollen data from the Kalkım-Gönen Basin (Northwest Turkey)

Durak

Akkiraz

2016

Geodinamica Acta

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“…Some researchers suggest that the turtleback formation is related to faults with high-angle origins requiring low to moderate amounts of extension for the Basin and Range (Wright et al, 1974;Miller, 1991). Others evaluate the turtleback surfaces as part of a regional detachment faulting, and therefore a high amount of extension is possible for the region (Steward, 1983;.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After recognition of the metamorphic core complexes and low-angle normal faults in the Basin and Range Province Rehrig and Reynolds, 1980;Wernicke, 1981), the Death Valley turtlebacks have been evaluated as part of a regional detachment surface (Stewart, 1983). This was the beginning of a long debate about the role of low-angle vs. deep-seated normal faulting in the formation of turtlebacks Miller, 1991;Holm et al, 1994;Miller and Prave, 2002;Miller and Pavlis, 2005). Isotopic age data and paleomagnetic studies have broadened understandings of the Death Valley geology.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A 3D model for the formation of turtleback surfaces: the Horzum Turtleback of western Turkey as a case study

Seyítoğlu¹,

Işık²,

Esat³

2014

Turkish J Earth Sci

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Turtleback surfaces are common elements of highly extended terrains all over the world. This paper presents a 3D model explaining the formation of turtleback surfaces based on field observations made on the Horzum Turtleback of the Alaşehir graben, western Turkey. Three essential features have been determined as forming a turtleback surface. These are 1) the rolling hinge mechanism on a normal fault system, where the initial fault stays operational after forming second and third normal faults in its hanging wall; 2) relay ramps between initial fault segments; and 3) a synextensional intrusion on the shear zone of the initial normal fault at midcrustal level. The strike-slip tectonic setting is not among the essential features as suggested recently for Death Valley turtlebacks.

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“…The position of the active trace of the central Death Valley fault zone is based on Plate 3 of Brogan et al [1991]. The depth of Tertiary mylonite is based on projecting 15°N plunge of Badwater ''turtleback'' antiform onto the section [Miller, 1991]. Truncation of turtleback detachment by the central Death Valley fault zone, and the steep dip of the range-front fault is based on Miller [1991].…”

Section: Appendix Amentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The depth of Tertiary mylonite is based on projecting 15°N plunge of Badwater ''turtleback'' antiform onto the section [Miller, 1991]. Truncation of turtleback detachment by the central Death Valley fault zone, and the steep dip of the range-front fault is based on Miller [1991]. The geometry of faults at depth beneath Death Valley is not well constrained, but may involve a complex interaction among low-and high-angle Quaternary faults, as generally observed along the Black Mountains range front, in the context of a broad negative flower structure.…”

Section: Appendix Amentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrical conductivity images of Quaternary faults and Tertiary detachments in the California Basin and Range

Park

Wernicke

2003

Tectonics

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Comparison of an electrical resistivity section derived from magnetotelluric (MT) data to a geologic section extending eastward from the Sierra Nevada near latitude 36°20′N shows that the crust is dominated by steeply dipping conductive features that correlate with active strike‐slip faults. While there is a subhorizontal conductor at a depth ∼20 km beneath some of the profile, it is broken by vertical structures associated with the active strike‐slip faults. The continuous subhorizontal anomalies in the lower crust typically observed in extensional regions are therefore absent in the resistivity section. The present‐day strike‐slip tectonic regime as indicated by geodetic data in this part of the Basin and Range is not producing features that could be inferred to indicate subhorizontal shear zones resulting from lateral crustal flow during extension. Because the Miocene tectonic regime resulted in the formation of metamorphic core complexes and thus was accompanied by such flow, the present regime appears to represent a fundamental transition in the mode of crustal deformation in the region. A serendipitous result of our study was the identification on resistivity sections of carbonate aquifers in the upper crust. Comparison of resistivities from the MT section to measured fluid resistivities from springs and boreholes suggests that the aquifers must be heterogeneous, with more saline brines occupying the deepest portions of the carbonates.

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High-angle origin of the currently low-angle Badwater Turtleback fault, Death Valley, California

Cited by 36 publications

References 0 publications

Late Oligocene–Early Miocene palaeoecology based on pollen data from the Kalkım-Gönen Basin (Northwest Turkey)

Late Oligocene–Early Miocene palaeoecology based on pollen data from the Kalkım-Gönen Basin (Northwest Turkey)

A 3D model for the formation of turtleback surfaces: the Horzum Turtleback of western Turkey as a case study

Electrical conductivity images of Quaternary faults and Tertiary detachments in the California Basin and Range

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