High atmosphere–ocean exchange of semivolatile aromatic hydrocarbons

González-Gaya, Belén; Fernández-Pinos, María-Carmen; Morales, Laura; Méjanelle, Laurence; Abad, Esteban; Piña, Benjamı́n; Duarte, Carlos M.; Jiménez, Begoña; Dachs, Jordi

doi:10.1038/ngeo2714

Cited by 131 publications

(179 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Chemical pollution remains uncharacterized as a vector of global change (Rockström et al, 2009;Moran et al, 2016). OPs reach the global oceans mainly by long-range atmospheric transport and deposition (Lohmann et al, 2007;Galbán-Malagón et al, 2012;González-Gaya et al, 2016), which is a spatially extended source of 'diffusive pollution' supporting baseline concentrations of OPs in the surface ocean (Nash, 2011;Galbán-Malagón et al, 2012;Hung et al, 2016). OPs reach the global oceans mainly by long-range atmospheric transport and deposition (Lohmann et al, 2007;Galbán-Malagón et al, 2012;González-Gaya et al, 2016), which is a spatially extended source of 'diffusive pollution' supporting baseline concentrations of OPs in the surface ocean (Nash, 2011;Galbán-Malagón et al, 2012;Hung et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These studies have shown that large inputs of alkanes and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) trigger rapid responses in microbial communities and influence the successional dynamics of communities by selecting for specialized degraders (Mason et al, 2012;Garneau et al, 2016). However, the amounts of airborne hydrocarbons reaching the upper ocean are orders of magnitude larger than those from oil spills (González-Gaya et al, 2016). However, the amounts of airborne hydrocarbons reaching the upper ocean are orders of magnitude larger than those from oil spills (González-Gaya et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Microbial responses to anthropogenic dissolved organic carbon in the Arctic and Antarctic coastal seawaters

Cerro‐Gálvez

Casal

Lundin

et al. 2019

Environmental Microbiology

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Summary Thousands of semi‐volatile hydrophobic organic pollutants (OPs) reach open oceans through atmospheric deposition, causing a chronic and ubiquitous pollution by anthropogenic dissolved organic carbon (ADOC). Hydrophobic ADOC accumulates in cellular lipids, inducing harmful effects on marine biota, and can be partially prone to microbial degradation. Unfortunately, their possible effects on microorganisms, key drivers of global biogeochemical cycles, remain unknown. We challenged coastal microbial communities from Ny‐Ålesund (Arctic) and Livingston Island (Antarctica) with ADOC concentrations within the range of oceanic concentrations in 24 h. ADOC addition elicited clear transcriptional responses in multiple microbial heterotrophic metabolisms in ubiquitous groups such as Flavobacteriia, Gammaproteobacteria and SAR11. Importantly, a suite of cellular adaptations and detoxifying mechanisms, including remodelling of membrane lipids and transporters, was detected. ADOC exposure also changed the composition of microbial communities, through stimulation of rare biosphere taxa. Many of these taxa belong to recognized OPs degraders. This work shows that ADOC at environmentally relevant concentrations substantially influences marine microbial communities. Given that emissions of organic pollutants are growing during the Anthropocene, the results shown here suggest an increasing influence of ADOC on the structure of microbial communities and the biogeochemical cycles regulated by marine microbes.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial responses to anthropogenic dissolved organic carbon in the Arctic and Antarctic coastal seawaters

Cerro‐Gálvez

Casal

Lundin

et al. 2019

Environmental Microbiology

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“…Ocean surface deposition of atmospheric PAHs is now being recognized as a major source of carbon in the ocean (González-Gaya et al, 2016). Their role in DOM dynamics and carbon export is however uncertain.…”

Section: Phenanthrene-like Fluorophore Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This last input (deposition of atmospheric PAHs at the ocean surface) is becoming increasingly recognized as a major source of PAHs in the oceans. A recent study estimated an atmospheric input of PAH in the ocean of about 0.09 Tg per month, equivalent to ∼15% of the oceanic CO 2 uptake (González-Gaya et al, 2016). Measurements of dissolved PAHs in the Mediterranean basin is specially of interest, since only few studies have focused on their distribution in this semienclosed and highly populated basin (Berrojalbiz et al, 2011;Guigue et al, 2011Guigue et al, , 2014.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A New Glider-Compatible Optical Sensor for Dissolved Organic Matter Measurements: Test Case from the NW Mediterranean Sea

Cyr

Tedetti

Besson³

et al. 2017

Front. Mar. Sci.

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The MiniFluo-UV is a new glider-compatible optical sensor for measurements of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in natural waters. The working principle, sensor design and challenges faced during the validation phase are reported. The first in situ application of the sensor during three glider deployments in the NW Mediterranean sea (spring, summer, and fall) are also presented. For these campaigns, the two channels of the sensor were adjusted to target Tryptophan-like (excitation/emission wavelengths λ Ex /λ Em : 275/340 nm) and Phenanthrene-like (λ Ex /λ Em : 255/360 nm) fluorescence. These were chosen because they represent fluorophores of interest commonly found in seawater. While Tryptophan (an amino-acid believed to be a by-product of biological activity) is naturally found in the ocean, Phenanthrene (a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon) is mainly introduced in the environment by human activities. The addition of these variables to more common physical and biogeochemical glider measurements reveals new features of DOM dynamics in the Mediterranean Sea. For example, the temporal and spatial decoupling between Tryptophan-like and Chl-a fluorescence suggests that the former is not only a marker of phytoplankton activity, but could also give more subtle information on the microbial processes occurring. The identification of a Phenanthrene-like layer just below the pycnocline at all seasons also raises questions on the mechanisms driving its presence in the Mediterranean. Knowing that the role of ocean DOM on atmospheric carbon sequestration is becoming clearer, the high spatiotemporal resolution possible with this new sampling strategy may represents a key step toward our deep understanding of DOM dynamics and its role on the biological pump.

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Temperature dependence of plankton community metabolism in the subtropical and tropical oceans

Garcia-Corral

Holding

Carrillo-de-Albornoz

et al. 2017

Global Biogeochemical Cycles

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Here we assess the temperature dependence of the metabolic rates (gross primary production (GPP), community respiration (CR), and the ratio GPP/CR) of oceanic plankton communities. We compile data from 133 stations of the Malaspina 2010 Expedition, distributed among the subtropical and tropical Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian oceans. We used the in vitro technique to measured metabolic rates during 24 h incubations at three different sampled depths: surface, 20%, and 1% of the photosynthetically active radiation measured at surface. We also measured the % of ultraviolet B radiation (UVB) penetrating at surface waters. GPP and CR rates increased with warming, albeit different responses were observed for each sampled depth. The overall GPP/CR ratio declined with warming. Higher activation energies (Ea) were derived for both processes (GPPChla = 0.97; CRChla = 1.26; CRHPA = 0.95 eV) compared to those previously reported. The Indian Ocean showed the highest Ea (GPPChla = 1.70; CRChla = 1.48; CRHPA = 0.57 eV), while the Atlantic Ocean showed the lowest (GPPChla = 0.86; CRChla = 0.77; CRHPA = −0.13 eV). We believe that the difference between previous assessments and the ones presented here can be explained by the overrepresentation of Atlantic communities in the previous data sets. We found that UVB radiation also affects the temperature dependence of surface GPP, which decreased rather than increased under high levels of UVB. Ocean warming, which causes stratification and oligotrophication of the subtropical and tropical oceans, may lead to reduced surface GPP as a result of increased penetration of UVB radiation.

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High atmosphere–ocean exchange of semivolatile aromatic hydrocarbons

Cited by 131 publications

References 37 publications

Microbial responses to anthropogenic dissolved organic carbon in the Arctic and Antarctic coastal seawaters

Microbial responses to anthropogenic dissolved organic carbon in the Arctic and Antarctic coastal seawaters

A New Glider-Compatible Optical Sensor for Dissolved Organic Matter Measurements: Test Case from the NW Mediterranean Sea

Temperature dependence of plankton community metabolism in the subtropical and tropical oceans

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