High bat (Chiroptera) diversity in the Early Eocene of India

Smith, Thierry; Rana, R. S.; Missiaen, Pieter; Rose, Kenneth D.; Sahni, Ashok; Singh, Himanshu; Singh, Lakhan

doi:10.1007/s00114-007-0280-9

Cited by 96 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Fatty acid synthase was reported downregulated in UC [51], which could contribute to the reduced phospholipid content. In addition, phospholipase A2 (PLA2) that catalyzes the degradation of PC to lysoPC [52], showed elevated content and activity in animal models of colitis and in actively inflamed colonic mucosa of UC patients compared to the inactively inflamed mucosa and the control [53][54][55][56]. The upregulation of PLA2 is consistent with the higher lysoPC-to-PC ratio in UC despite decreased overall PC content (lysoPC + PC) [57].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

In vivo analysis of mucosal lipids reveals histological disease activity in ulcerative colitis using endoscope-coupled Raman spectroscopy

Ding

Dupont

Singhal

et al. 2017

Biomed. Opt. Express

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Abstract:The goal of this study is to evaluate endoscopic Raman spectroscopy as a noninvasive technique to determine histological inflammatory status of colitis. Colon mucosal composition was investigated in vivo from patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and from ageand body mass index (BMI) matched controls using endoscope-coupled Raman spectroscopy. The results were co-registered with histological assessment of inflammatory status at the same locations. Substantial decreases (50-60%) in the content of phosphotidylcholines (PCs) and total lipids were observed in inflamed colon tissue (histology grade 1, 2 and 3) compared to those from the quiescent (histology grade 0) and from the controls. No significant difference was observed in lipids or PC contents between control and grade 0, or among grades 1 -3. The degree of lipid unsaturation increased in the inflamed tissue regardless of disease severity. The inflammation-associated alterations in lipids and PC are observed independent of BMI or the anatomical locations for data collection. Multivariate analysis using support vector machine (SVM) algorithm classified the spectra of the controls or the inactive colitis from those of inflamed tissue with a sensitivity of 83.5% and 97.1% respectively. Our results showed that mucosal lipid content is related to the microscopic disease activity, and thus could serve as a valuable spectral marker to differentiate active colitis from the quiescent. References and links1. E. V. Loftus, Jr., "Clinical epidemiology of inflammatory bowel disease: Incidence, prevalence, and environmental influences," Gastroenterology 126(6), 1504-1517 (2004). 2. J. Misiewicz, J. Lennard-Jones, A. Connell, J. Baron, and F. A. Jones, "Controlled trial of sulphasalazine in maintenance therapy for ulcerative colitis," Lancet 285(7378), 185-188 (1965

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

In vivo analysis of mucosal lipids reveals histological disease activity in ulcerative colitis using endoscope-coupled Raman spectroscopy

Ding

Dupont

Singhal

et al. 2017

Biomed. Opt. Express

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“…The Vastan Indian fauna shows strong links with Laurasian early Eocene faunas (5,6,17,18). The presence of an anthropoid in India before 54 million years ago and possibly even earlier in Africa (if Altiatlasius is an anthropoid) f leshes out the picture of early Cenozoic interchange between Laurasia and Africa (26,39) and between the Indian and Asian plates, the latter in the context of their tectonic collision (17).…”

Section: Systematicmentioning

confidence: 99%

The oldest Asian record of Anthropoidea

Bajpai

Kay

Williams

et al. 2008

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

140

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Undisputed anthropoids appear in the fossil record of Africa and Asia by the middle Eocene, about 45 Ma. Here, we report the discovery of an early Eocene eosimiid anthropoid primate from India, named Anthrasimias, that extends the Asian fossil record of anthropoids by 9 -10 million years. A phylogenetic analysis of 75 taxa and 343 characters of the skull, postcranium, and dentition of Anthrasimias and living and fossil primates indicates the basal placement of Anthrasimias among eosimiids, confirms the anthropoid status of Eosimiidae, and suggests that crown haplorhines (tarsiers and monkeys) are the sister clade of Omomyoidea of the Eocene, not nested within an omomyoid clade. Co-occurence of Anthropoidea, Omomyoidea, and Adapoidea makes it evident that peninsular India was an important center for the diversification of primates of modern aspect (euprimates) in the early Eocene. Adaptive reconstructions indicate that early anthropoids were mouse-lemur-sized (Ϸ75 grams) and consumed a mixed diet of fruit and insects. Eosimiids bear little adaptive resemblance to later Eocene-early Oligocene African Anthropoidea.early Eocene ͉ Eosimiidae ͉ India ͉ Primates ͉ paleontology

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“…Fossil mammals from the Early Eocene of western India, for example, have affinities with contemporaneous taxa from Europe (18,19), and models have been proposed of broad land-bridge connections between drifting India with Africa, Madagascar, and/or island arcs from the Asian landmass (4,20), which explains the existence of widespread groups in Paleogene India. Abundant evidence is presented here of recently excavated, diverse arthropod fossils preserved in extensive amber deposits from the Cambay Shale [early Ypresian (50-52 Ma)] of western India, which directly addresses conflicting models of the biotic and geological history of India and southern Asia.…”

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confidence: 99%

Biogeographic and evolutionary implications of a diverse paleobiota in amber from the early Eocene of India

Rust

Singh²,

Rana

et al. 2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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203

175

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For nearly 100 million years, the India subcontinent drifted from Gondwana until its collision with Asia some 50 Ma, during which time the landmass presumably evolved a highly endemic biota. Recent excavations of rich outcrops of 50–52-million-year-old amber with diverse inclusions from the Cambay Shale of Gujarat, western India address this issue. Cambay amber occurs in lignitic and muddy sediments concentrated by near-shore chenier systems; its chemistry and the anatomy of associated fossil wood indicates a definitive source of Dipterocarpaceae. The amber is very partially polymerized and readily dissolves in organic solvents, thus allowing extraction of whole insects whose cuticle retains microscopic fidelity. Fourteen orders and more than 55 families and 100 species of arthropod inclusions have been discovered thus far, which have affinities to taxa from the Eocene of northern Europe, to the Recent of Australasia, and the Miocene to Recent of tropical America. Thus, India just prior to or immediately following contact shows little biological insularity. A significant diversity of eusocial insects are fossilized, including corbiculate bees, rhinotermitid termites, and modern subfamilies of ants (Formicidae), groups that apparently radiated during the contemporaneous Early Eocene Climatic Optimum or just prior to it during the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum. Cambay amber preserves a uniquely diverse and early biota of a modern-type of broad-leaf tropical forest, revealing 50 Ma of stasis and change in biological communities of the dipterocarp primary forests that dominate southeastern Asia today.

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High bat (Chiroptera) diversity in the Early Eocene of India

Abstract: The geographic origin of bats is still unknown, and fossils of earliest bats are rare and poorly diversified, with,

Cited by 96 publications

References 7 publications

In vivo analysis of mucosal lipids reveals histological disease activity in ulcerative colitis using endoscope-coupled Raman spectroscopy

In vivo analysis of mucosal lipids reveals histological disease activity in ulcerative colitis using endoscope-coupled Raman spectroscopy

The oldest Asian record of Anthropoidea

Biogeographic and evolutionary implications of a diverse paleobiota in amber from the early Eocene of India

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