High Bifurcation of the Brachial Artery: An Embryological Overview

Tsoucalas, Gregory; Eleftheriou, Anna; Panagouli, Eleni

doi:10.7759/cureus.7097

Cited by 15 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…This high bifurcation of the brachial artery can occur at any point of its normal course in the arm, but is more frequent in the upper 1/3 1 , as the present case report. Despite being a common brachial artery variation, with percentages described from 8 to 20% 1,4,6,8,9 , it can occur in several different forms 6 . When the radial artery arises first, it is called brachioradial artery 6,8 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite being a common brachial artery variation, with percentages described from 8 to 20% 1,4,6,8,9 , it can occur in several different forms 6 . When the radial artery arises first, it is called brachioradial artery 6,8 . This artery usually runs superficial to the median nerve along the arm and posterior to the bicipital aponeurosis 8 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The brachial artery is a direct continuation of the axillary artery 5,6 , below the lower border of the teres major muscle. In the arm, it is considered the artery of the anterior compartment of the arm 2 and in its proximal course, it gives rise to the profunda brachii artery, which reaches the posterior compartment of the arm passing through the triangular interval 2 , together with the radial nerve.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As it continues distally, it gradually becomes anterior to the humerus 4 , and at the expected point of its normal terminal branching, it lies anteriorly, in a groove between the biceps brachii and the brachialis muscles, midway between the two epicondyles of the humerus 4 , lying between the bicipital aponeurosis and the biceps brachii muscle tendon. At the apex of the cubital fossa, the brachial artery bifurcates into a radial artery and an ulnar artery 2,4,6 . The radial artery is the smaller terminal branch of the brachial artery 6 and courses distally, to supply the muscles of the lateral side of the forearm.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At the apex of the cubital fossa, the brachial artery bifurcates into a radial artery and an ulnar artery 2,4,6 . The radial artery is the smaller terminal branch of the brachial artery 6 and courses distally, to supply the muscles of the lateral side of the forearm. The ulnar artery passes deep to the pronator teres and flexor digitorum superficialis muscles 4 to run at the ulnar side of the forearm.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High Origin of the Radial Artery: A Brachioradial Artery

Alves¹,

Azevedo²,

Fazan³

2020

JMS

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Introduction: the radial artery originates at the apex of the cubital fossa, at the midline, lying on the tendon of the biceps brachii muscle, along the ulnar border of the radius. It is the smaller terminal branch of the brachial artery and courses distally, to supply the muscles of the lateral side of the forearm. We describe a case of a high origin of the radial artery in a right upper limb and discuss its clinical importance. We also revise the brachial artery anatomy and discuss the variation with its embryological development. Case Report: during a routine upper limb dissection in the anatomy laboratory, the brachial artery gave off the radial artery, 18cm above the elbow joint. This variant radial artery continued its course in the arm, crossing over the median nerve, running between the biceps brachii and brachialis muscles, in close proximity and medially to the cutaneous branch of the musculocutaneous nerve. After passing the cubital fossa, medially to the brachioradialis muscle, immediately distal to the biceps brachii muscle tendon, it gives off a branch that anastomoses with the ulnar artery. Distally in the forearm and hand, no other variations were found. Conclusion: normal embryology and embryological deviations of normal, associated with the described anatomical variation are discussed. In the vast majority of patients, little or no physiological consequence of a higher origin of the radial artery can be found. Nevertheless, it has significant implications for planning interventional vascular radiology and surgical procedures in the upper limbs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High Origin of the Radial Artery: A Brachioradial Artery

Alves¹,

Azevedo²,

Fazan³

2020

JMS

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Morphological variations of the brachial artery and their clinical significance: a systematic review

Glin,

Zielinska,

Ruzik

et al. 2023

Surg Radiol Anat

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Purpose Morphological variations of the brachial artery are quite commonly discovered in routine dissection and have been the subject of many studies. However, there is a need for a clear classification. This work presents morphological variations of the brachial artery, based on numerous case reports and studies created for the appropriate classification and interpretation among surgeons and radiologists. It also discusses the most important clinical aspects of the given varieties. Methods The research method is based on the combined interpretation of the researches based on numerous publications concerning both the principles of correctly classifying the described morphological variations of the brachial artery and the resulting clinical implications. This work considers atypical variations such as the presence of the superficial brachial artery, brachoradial artery, accessory brachial artery and absence of the brachial artery. Variations of the brachial artery in relation to the external and internal diameter of the vessel have also been discussed. Results After conducting a complex analysis of the collected data, the fundamental principles for classifying such variability as superficial brachial artery, brachioradial artery and accessory brachial artery were defined. Additionally, clinical implications resulting from the above like the impact of the superficial brachial artery on the median nerve neuropathy and the positive correlation between the brachioradial artery and increased danger of incorrect transradial catheterization were demonstrated. Conclusions The clinical implications of the atypical arterial pattern within the upper limb are crucial during the angiography and surgical procedures so the variations affect the appropriate diagnosis and surgical intervention. Hence, the knowledge about the morphological variations of the brachial artery should be constantly broadened by radiologists and surgeons to improve the accuracy and effectiveness of the treatment process.

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