The superposition of male sexual characteristics in female marine gastropods (imposex) represents one of the clearest ecological examples of organotin-mediated endocrine disruption. Recent evidences suggest that signaling pathways mediated by members of the nuclear receptor superfamily, RXR and PPARγ, are involved in the development of this pseudohermaphroditic condition. Here, we identified significant differences in RXR expression in two caenogastropod species from Nuevo Gulf, Argentina, Buccinanops globulosus and Trophon geversianus, which present clear contrast in imposex incidence. In addition, B. globulosus males from a polluted and an unpolluted area showed differences in RXR expression. Conversely, PPARγ levels were similar between both analyzed species. These findings indicate specie-specific RXR and PPARγ expression, suggesting a major role of RXR in the induction of imposex. Endocrine disrupting chemicals are compounds that alter the normal functioning of the endocrine system of both humans and wildlife 1. One of most relevant examples of environmental endocrine disruption in marine gastropods is the phenomenon of imposex 2 , described as an irreversible syndrome in which a female develops male-type genital organs, such as the penis and vas deferens 3,4. Imposex is intimately associated with tributyltin (TBT) marine environmental pollution 5. TBT is a common compound in marine antifouling paints, currently used in several countries 6 despite having been banned worldwide for more than 10 years 7. Although imposex levels appear to be reduced in some regions of the planet 8,9 after global ban of organotin antifoulant paints, assessing the incidence of imposex as a biomarker of TBT contamination seems to be a valuable indicator in other regions of the world such as Latin America 10-12 or South Africa 13 where TBT-based antifouling paints are still in use. The use of TBT, under controlled laboratory conditions, diluted in the water or directly injected to gastropods, was able to induce imposex in several caenogastropods 14-19. Different mechanisms have been proposed to explain the induction of imposex by TBT such as an increase in androgen levels, the involvement of penis morphogenetic/retrogressive factor, or even an increase in the neuropeptide alanine-proline-glycine-tryptophan amide 20. However, a considerable body of evidence indicates that TBT-induced imposex involves the abnormal modulation of the retinoid X receptor (RXR) signaling pathway 20-23. RXR are members of the nuclear receptor superfamily of transcription factors 24. They are activated by retinoic acid, the main derivative of vitamin A, involved in multiple signaling pathways critical for embryonic development, metabolic processes, differentiation and apoptosis in vertebrates 25,26. Although retinoid physiology is poorly understood in marine gastropods 27 , recent findings support their role during gonad maturation 28. RXR was cloned in different caenogastropods, namely, Thais clavigera 18 , Nucella lapillus 14 , Ilyanassa obsoleta 29 , Hex...