High calcium diet reduces blood pressure in exercised and nonexercised hypertensive rats

Sallinen, Kirsimarja; Arvola, Pertti; Wuorela, Heikki; Ruskoaho, Heikki; Vapaatalo, Heikki; Pörsti, Ilkka

doi:10.1016/0895-7061(95)00333-9

Cited by 20 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…The result is that many studies have confirmed that the intake of calcium significantly lowered BP in hypertensive patients. 6,7 In our study a lower level of serum ionized calcium was observed in elderly hypertensives and it suggests the usefulness of calcium supplementation in these patients. Recent studies have described a negative correlation between ionized magnesium level and triglycerides in hypertension.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

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Twenty-four hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in young and elderly hypertensive subjects

Musialik¹,

Kosicka²,

Skołuda³

et al. 1998

J Hum Hypertens

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The aim of our study was to compare blood pressure (BP) measured by 24-h ambulatory monitoring in young and elderly hypertensives and to find a dependency between left ventricular mass (LVM) and different pressure ratios. We also estimated the calcium ionized concentration and serum lipids in all subjects. Two hypertensive groups divided accordingly by age were studied. The duration of hypertension was similar in both groups. The Oxford Medilog ABP was used for the arterial BP recordings. Mean arterial BP, BP loads and night/day mean arterial pressure ratio were evaluated. In both groups left ventricular mass index (LVMI) were calculated. The serum calcium ionized concentration (Ca ++ ) was estimated and serum lipids were determined. We found 10 non-dippers in the young group and seven non-dippers in the elderly hypertensives. LVM and LVMI

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

“…[4][5][6] Data from epidemiologic, clinical and basic research suggested that abnormal calcium metabolism is a factor in the pathogenesis of increased BP in humans. The result is that many studies have confirmed that the intake of calcium significantly lowered BP in hypertensive patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Twenty-four hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in young and elderly hypertensive subjects

Musialik¹,

Kosicka²,

Skołuda³

et al. 1998

J Hum Hypertens

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“…However, endurance training for 55 weeks does not change ventricular atrial natriuretic peptide content or atrial natriuretic peptide gene expression in dogs, despite the development of significant ventricular hypertrophy (Mäntymaa et al 1994). In contrast, long-term endurance training has been found to markedly increase atrial natriuretic peptide synthesis in the ventricles of spontaneously hypertensive rats (Mäntymaa et al 1994;Sallinen et al 1996). This suggests that the extra haemodynamic workload induced by training may actually represent a negative influence upon the heart, if cardiac hypertrophy is already present before the regular exercise is commenced.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast, endurance training for 31 weeks elevates both the content and gene expression of atrial natriuretic peptide in the ventricles of spontaneously hypertensive rats (Mäntymaa et al 1994;Sallinen et al 1996).…”

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confidence: 99%

Long‐Term Physical Exercise and Atrial Natriuretic Peptide in Obese Zucker Rats

Pörsti

Kähönen

et al. 2002

Pharmacology & Toxicology

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Endurance training increases natriuretic peptide synthesis in the hypertrophied myocardium of spontaneously hypertensive rats. We examined the effects of 22-week-long treadmill exercise on plasma and tissue atrial natriuretic peptide in Zucker rats, a model of genetic obesity and moderate hypertension without clear cardiac hypertrophy. The blood pressures of the animals were measured by the tail-cuff method, and plasma and tissue samples for the peptide determinations were taken at the end of the study. The training increased heart weight to body weight ratio, while atrial natriuretic peptide contents in the right and left atrium, ventricular tissue, and plasma did not change. The exercise prevented the elevation of blood pressure, which was observed in non-exercised obese Zucker rats, and also reduced blood pressure in the lean rats. In conclusion, these results suggest that in the absence of preceding myocardial hypertrophy, the long-term exercise-induced workload is not deleterious to the heart in experimental obesity, since no changes in plasma and tissue atrial natriuretic peptide were detected.The prevalence of hypertension is high among overweight persons (Landsberg 1992), and physical activity is recommended as a non-pharmacological measure for the treatment of hypertension and obesity (World Hypertension League 1991). The Zucker fatty rat is a well-established model of genetic obesity with autosomal recessive homozygous inheritance (fa/fa), the heterozygous and missing fa gene (Fa/?) producing the corresponding slender control strain, the lean Zucker rat (Argilès 1989). The fatty mutation is characterized by insulin resistance, hyperinsulinaemia, glucose intolerance, hyperlipidaemia (Argilès 1989), and often by the development of moderate hypertension (Kurtz et al. 1989;Baylis et al. 1991;Zeigler & Patel 1991;Kasiske et al. 1992). However, the obese Zucker rat does not show clear left ventricular hypertrophy (Cox & Kikta 1992).The myocardium adapts to increased workload by muscle cell hypertrophy, molecular changes in contractile proteins, and increased synthesis of atrial natriuretic peptide (Ruskoaho 1992). Under normal physiological circumstances, the major site of atrial natriuretic peptide synthesis is in the atria, but under pathophysiological conditions associated with chronic pressure or volume overload, ventricular atrial natriuretic peptide gene expression is also activated (Ruskoaho 1992). Plasma atrial natriuretic peptide has been shown to rise during acute dynamic exercise (Ruskoaho et al. 1989;Schmidt et al. 1990;Vuolteenaho et al. 1992), but even a 55-week-long treadmill exercise does not increase Author for correspondence: Ilkka Pörsti, Medical School, University of Tampere, Department of Pharmacological Sciences, FIN-33014 Tampere, Finland (fax π358 3 215 6170, e-mail ilkka.porsti /uta.fi).plasma atrial natriuretic peptide at rest, or the gene expression of atrial natriuretic peptide in the ventricles of normotensive dogs (Mäntymaa et al. 1994). In contrast, endurance training...

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“…Several studies have examined the effects of chronic exercise on resting BP in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR); and some, but not all, investigators have observed that chronic exercise results in significant reductions in resting BP and HR in SHR [8][9][10] . Actually, to our knowledge, only one report found no effect of chronic exercise on cardiovascular response to a novel stress in SHR 11) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Running training attenuates blood pressure and norepinephrine responses to immobilization stress in spontaneously hypertensive rats

Miyoshi

Watanabe

2013

JPFSM

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We investigated the effects of 4 weeks of running training on the progressive changes in resting blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) that occurred during that period, as well as on the increases in cardiovascular variables and catecholamine levels induced by a novel stress (immobilization stress) in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and control normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY). In addition, rat sensitivity to exogenously infused norepinephrine (NE) was investigated by measuring the induced pressor response. BP was measured by a tail-cuff method (without heating), which is reportedly both sensitive and accurate for noninvasive measurement of BP in conscious rats. Increases in resting systolic BP over the 4-week period were significantly smaller in the trained SHR than in the untrained SHR, but the training had no effect on the changes in resting BP seen in WKY. After the 4-week running training, BP and NE responses to immobilization stress were reduced in the SHR, as was the increase in BP induced by intravenous (IV) infusion of NE. In the WKY, however, neither the BP response to the stress nor that to the IV infusion of NE was changed by running training. These results suggest 1) that such training was beneficial in the SHR, and 2) that the immobilization stressinduced activation of the sympathetic nervous system (as evidenced by the increase in plasma NE) and the sensitivity to NE (as evidenced by the increase in BP induced by exogenous NE) were each attenuated after the 4-week running training in the SHR, with a consequent reduction in the BP response to a novel stress.

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High calcium diet reduces blood pressure in exercised and nonexercised hypertensive rats

Cited by 20 publications

References 45 publications

Twenty-four hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in young and elderly hypertensive subjects

Twenty-four hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in young and elderly hypertensive subjects

Long‐Term Physical Exercise and Atrial Natriuretic Peptide in Obese Zucker Rats

Running training attenuates blood pressure and norepinephrine responses to immobilization stress in spontaneously hypertensive rats

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