High Capacity and Miniaturized Flexible Chipless RFID Tag Using Modified Complementary Split Ring Resonator

Jalil, M. E.; Rahim, Mohamad Kamal A.; Himdi, Mohamed; Samsuri, N. A.; Murad, Noor Asniza; Dewan, Raimi; Majid, Huda Bin A; Nur, Levy Olivia; Nugroho, Bambang Setia

doi:10.1109/access.2021.3061792

Cited by 25 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Although there is some relevant research on the simulation of RFID sensors in healthcare, there is currently no relevant literature to support whether and under what conditions the variability of the measured signal associated with the sensing activity can be distinguished from the measurement instability [93]. Power measurements [63,65] are also very important in the extraction of eigenvalues as an indication of the sensing capability through tag antenna impedance mismatch and high efficiency as a cost. To some extent, the modulation characteristics of the propagation channel and tags, which are frequency and power dependent, are of great relevance to the phase measurements.…”

Section: Challenges and Future Trends In Perspectivementioning

confidence: 99%

Prospective RFID Sensors for the IoT Healthcare System

Xiang

Zhao²,

Tian

et al. 2022

Journal of Sensors

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The outbreak of COVID-19 has attracted people’s attention to our healthcare system, stimulating the advancement of next-generation health monitoring technologies. IoT attracts extensive attention in this advancement for its advantage in ubiquitous communication and sensing. RFID plays a key role in IoT to tackle the challenges in passive communication and identification and is now emerging as a sensing technology which has the ability to reduce the cost and complexity of data collection. It is advantageous to introduce RFID sensor technologies in health-related sensing and monitoring, as there are many sensors used in health monitoring systems with the potential to be integrated with RFID for smart sensing and monitoring. But due to the unique characteristics of the human body, there are challenges in developing effective RFID sensors for human health monitoring in terms of communication and sensing. For example, in a typical IoT health monitoring application, the main challenges are as follows: (1) energy issues, the efficiency of RF front-end energy harvesting and power conversion is measured; (2) communication issues, the basic technology of RFID sensors shows great heterogeneity in terms of antennas, integrated circuit functions, sensing elements, and data protocols; and (3) performance stability and sensitivity issues, the RFID sensors are mainly attached to the object to be measured to carry out identification and parameter sensing. However, in practical applications, these can also be affected by certain environmental factors. This paper presents the recent advancement in RFID sensor technologies and the challenges for the IoT healthcare system. The current sensors used in health monitoring are also reviewed with regard to integrating possibility with RFID and IoT. The future research direction is pointed out for the emergence of the next-generation healthcare and monitoring system.

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Section: Challenges and Future Trends In Perspectivementioning

confidence: 99%

Prospective RFID Sensors for the IoT Healthcare System

Xiang

Zhao²,

Tian

et al. 2022

Journal of Sensors

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“…For each windowed time-domain response, the poles are extracted by beginning to form the matrix [Yl T ] given by (10) where N denotes the total number of samples. The pencil parameter L is usually chosen between N/3 and N/2 in order to achieve filtering noise efficiently.…”

Section: B Pole Extraction Using Stmpmmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The resonance frequency of the proposed tag can be adjusted by an isolated leg of the U-shaped microstrip-based resonators. Another frequencybased chipless RFID tag was proposed in [10] in which the number of resonators was maximized in a limited space, while the frequency separation between the resonators was minimized. Note that these approaches generate the tag IDs by using present and/or absent resonant peaks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Robust Chipless RFID Detection Using Complex Natural Frequency Along With the k-Nearest Neighbor Algorithm

2021

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This paper proposes a detection technique for the chipless RFID system. In the proposed technique, the experiments for measuring the scattering responses of all possible tags were conducted first in a free-space anechoic chamber in order to avoid the effect of unwanted signals due to the environment. The responses of all possible tags were exploited in order to extract poles, including natural frequencies and damping factors, by using the short-time matrix pencil method. All extracted poles successively chosen from the late-time portions were exploited to create the decision boundary by using the k-nearest neighbor algorithm. In order to validate the robustness of the proposed detection technique, experiments with the chipless RFID system with tags attached to containers, i.e. parcel and plastic boxes, were conducted. Poles extracted from the response of the tag attached to a container were fed to the decision boundary for ID detection. The poles that had fallen into the region labeled as logic "1" were detected as logic "1," and vice versa. The experiment results showed that the attachment of the tags to the containers caused a change in the poles. The conventional technique using only natural frequencies has exhibited poor performance regarding tag ID detection. On the other hand, the proposed detection technique achieved a 100% detection rate, although the extracted poles used to detect the bit logic were disturbed by the container. The experimental results confirm the superiority of the proposed system over conventional chipless RFID detection. Moreover, the proposed technique can be considered a robust detection technique.

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“…Tags with ICs feature a memory for tag ID storage; chipless tags, on the other hand, normally function based on the resonance of the resonators within their structure. 14,26,27 Although chipless tags are much less expensive, they pose new design challenges in terms of data generation and transmission, which have been addressed by some recent studies. 10,[28][29][30] The coding method in chipless RFID tags is based on either the time domain (TD) or the frequency domain (FD).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using a hybrid encoding method based on the hexagonal resonators to increase the coding capacity of chipless RFID tags

Hayati

Majidifar

Sobhani

2022

Int J RF Mic Comp-Aid Eng

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A chipless RFID tag was designed using two hexagonal resonators. By defining a relation for the phases of S-parameters and rotating the resonators around their axes, a senary coding scheme was obtained at the resonant frequency.The designed resonator was able to generate six different codes using six different phase parameters at 3.03 GHz. While the conventional binary ("0" and "1") coding of ordinary tags makes minimal use of bandwidth capacity, the senary coding in the proposed design allowed the use of a larger bandwidth capacity. Requiring much fewer resonators for generating more codes, the proposed technique leads to significantly smaller tags. Using the proposed tag with two resonators, 6 2 = 36 different codes can be generated; more generally, an n-resonator tag of the proposed type can create 6 n different codes.

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High Capacity and Miniaturized Flexible Chipless RFID Tag Using Modified Complementary Split Ring Resonator

Cited by 25 publications

References 36 publications

Prospective RFID Sensors for the IoT Healthcare System

Prospective RFID Sensors for the IoT Healthcare System

Robust Chipless RFID Detection Using Complex Natural Frequency Along With the k-Nearest Neighbor Algorithm

Using a hybrid encoding method based on the hexagonal resonators to increase the coding capacity of chipless RFID tags

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