High‐Capacity Carbons Prepared from Phenolic Resin for Anodes of Lithium‐Ion Batteries

Zheng, Tao; Zhong, Qiming; Dahn, J. R.

doi:10.1149/1.2048450

Cited by 123 publications

(89 citation statements)

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“…The BET surface area of the bare carbon is 9.84 m 2 /g. After loading this with 20 wt % Sn, the BET surface ͒ as compared to graphite ͑2.2 g/cm 3 ͒. On loading Sn on carbon, the total weight of the composite increases for a given volume of material, due to the higher density of tin oxide.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Study of Sn-Coated Graphite as Anode Material for Secondary Lithium-Ion Batteries

Veeraraghavan

Durairajan

Haran

et al. 2002

J. Electrochem. Soc.

111

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Tin-graphite composites have been developed as an alternate anode material for Li-ion batteries using an autocatalytic deposition technique. The specific discharge capacity, coulombic efficiency, rate capability behavior, and cycle life of Sn-C composites has been studied using a variety of electrochemical methods. The amount of tin loading and the heating temperature have a significant effect on the composite performance. The synthesis conditions and Sn loading on graphite have been optimized to obtain the maximum reversible capacity for the composite electrode. Heating the composite converts it from amorphous to crystalline form. Apart from higher capacity, Sn-graphite composites possesses higher coulombic efficiency, better rate capability, and longer cycle life than the bare synthetic graphite. Current studies are focused on reducing the first cycle irreversible capacity loss of this material.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In theory, carbon anodes can intercalate with lithium in the ratio 1:6, forming the compound LiC 6 , with a capacity of 372 mAh/g. 3 However, it is generally difficult to obtain such high theoretical capacity. For commercial applications, mesocarbon microbeads ͑MCMBs͒ are the anodes of choice and it gives a reversible discharge capacity of 300 mAh/g.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of Sn-Coated Graphite as Anode Material for Secondary Lithium-Ion Batteries

Veeraraghavan

Durairajan

Haran

et al. 2002

J. Electrochem. Soc.

111

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“…Both carbons show broad diffraction peaks at 2 ϭ 24 and 43Њ that are related to the (002) and (100) reflections, respectively. 11 The location and broadness of two diffraction peaks illustrate that both carbons have a coke-like character with disordered carbonaceous interlayers. 11 Note that the present carbonization temperature is far below the normal graphitization temperature.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Electric Double-Layer Capacitor Performance of a New Mesoporous Carbon

Yoon

Lee

Hyeon

et al. 2000

J. Electrochem. Soc.

423

305

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The electric double-layer capacitor (EDLC) has been considered as a promising high power energy source for digital communication devices and electric vehicles. The advantageous features of the EDLC are its better rate capability and longer cycle life as compared to modern secondary batteries. EDLC utilizes the double layer formed at electrode/electrolyte interface where electric charges are accumulated on the electrode surfaces and ions of opposite charge are arranged in the electrolyte side. EDLC electrode materials should thus have a large surface area for charge accumulation, and should have an appropriate pore structure for electrolyte wetting and rapid ionic motion. At present, activated carbons or molecular-sieving carbons are used as the EDLC electrode materials. Even if these conventional carbons have a large surface area, their EDLC application is rather limited because they contain pores ranging from micropores (<2 nm diam) to macropores and the pores are randomly connected. 1 The micropores are not easily wetted by electrolytes, and the exposed surface in micropores may not be utilized for charge storage. Moreover, even in the situation wherein the micropores are wetted by electrolyte, ionic motion in such small pores may be so slow that the high rate capability, which is one of the advantages of EDLCs, may not be realized. 1 Both charge storage and rate capability are further limited if the pores are randomly connected. The blind or isolated pores may not be wetted by electrolytes and irregular pore connection makes ionic motion difficult. 2,3 Therefore, high-surface-area carbon materials containing regularly interconnected mesopores (>2 nm) are highly desirable for the EDLC electrode.Recently, we have synthesized a new mesoporous carbon (NMC) that appears to generally meet the above requirements. It was prepared via the template route, in which the mesoporous aluminosilicates were utilized as the template. 4,5 Phenol resin was prepared inside the pores of the template and carbonized. Mesoporous carbon with three-dimensionally interconnected ca. 2 nm pores was obtained after removing the inorganic template with a hydrofluoric acid treatment.As an extension of our previous report, this paper deals with the physicochemical properties of NMC and its EDLC performance. The pore structure and electrical conductivity of NMC were measured, and its EDLC performance characteristics including the capacitance and rate capability were analyzed. Similar measurements were carried out with a molecular-sieving carbon (MSC25) that has random cage-like micropores (<2 nm), and the effect of pore size and pore connection pattern on EDLC performances of carbon materials was discussed. ExperimentalMaterials.-The synthetic procedure for NMC was provided in our preliminary report. 4 For the synthesis, a mesoporous aluminosilicate identified as Mobile Composite Material 48 (MCM48) was used as the template. The molecular-sieving carbon (MSC25) provided by Kansai Coke and Chemicals has a specific Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller (B...

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“…[287,380,381,547±552,563,575,577,583] iii) Although the cycling performance of non-graphitizing (hard) carbons heat treated at~1000 C is good and almost no hysteresis occurs, the end of the charge potential of the carbons is very close to metallic lithium. [586] In some cases [381,563,575,577] the electrode was indeed charged to potentials negative of 0 V vs. Li/Li + to achieve the high specific charge. Under such a charging regime lithium deposition occurs.…”

Section: Lithium Intercalation Into Non-graphitic Carbon Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insertion Electrode Materials for Rechargeable Lithium Batteries

Winter¹,

et al. 1998

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High‐Capacity Carbons Prepared from Phenolic Resin for Anodes of Lithium‐Ion Batteries

Cited by 123 publications

References 0 publications

Study of Sn-Coated Graphite as Anode Material for Secondary Lithium-Ion Batteries

Study of Sn-Coated Graphite as Anode Material for Secondary Lithium-Ion Batteries

Electric Double-Layer Capacitor Performance of a New Mesoporous Carbon

Insertion Electrode Materials for Rechargeable Lithium Batteries

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