High capacity Na-storage and superior cyclability of nanocomposite Sb/C anode for Na-ion batteries

Abstract

A Sb/C nanocomposite was synthesized and found to deliver a reversible 3 Na storage capacity of 610 mA h g(-1), a strong rate capability at a very high current of 2000 mA g(-1) and a long-term cycling stability with 94% capacity retention over 100 cycles, offering practical feasibility as a high capacity and cycling-stable anode for room temperature Na-ion batteries.

A zero-strain layered metal oxide as the negative electrode for long-life sodium-ion batteries

“…However, most of the capacity is located at the voltage below 0.1 V, which is too close to the sodium plating voltage, causing potential safety concerns, especially at fast charging rates or overcharging. Several oxides such as Na 2 Ti 3 O 7 and alloys (Sn or Sb) have shown high storage capacity 30,[33][34][35] , but would not be suitable for long-life batteries owing to the large volume change during sodium insertion and extraction 39 , which is undesirable to the structural stability.…”

“…A typical example of zero-strain 25,26 O 12 , the volume change between them isB0.2%), which has been demonstrated for thousands of cycles in lithium-ion batteries 27 , indeed showing the advantage of using zero-strain material for long-term stable cycling. So far to the best of our knowledge, no zero-strain negative electrode material is available for sodium-ion batteries although a few types of negative electrode materials have been reported to be active in sodium-ion batteries [9][10][11][12][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41] . Among the available negative electrode materials, hard carbon shows the best overall storage performance in terms of high storage capacity and good cycling.…”

MoS2/Graphene Composite Paper for Sodium-Ion Battery Electrodes

“…8 To this end, researchers have proposed a number of high-capacity sodium host materials (negative electrode) involving either carbon or group IVA and VA elements that form intermetallic compounds with Na. [9][10][11][12][13] The alloying compounds demonstrate high first cycle Na-storage capacities, such as Na 15 Sn 4 (847 mAhg -1 ), Na 15 Pb 4 (485 mAhg -1 ), Na 3 Sb (600 mAhg -1 ) and Na 3 P (2560 mAhg -1 ), respectively. However, this comes at the cost of very high volume change upon Na-insertion (as much as 500 % in some cases), resulting in formation of internal cracks, loss of electrical contact, and eventual failure of the electrode (particularly for thick electrodes).…”

Direct atomic-scale confirmation of three-phase storage mechanism in Li4Ti5O12 anodes for room-temperature sodium-ion batteries

“…In contrast, very few anode materials were reported to be viable 5,20 . Among the limited number of anode materials 13,[21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29] , hard carbon is the only candidate possessing both high storage capacity and good cycling 13,23 . However, as the sodium storage voltage in hard carbon is relatively low and near zero versus Na þ /Na, this would result in sodium metal deposition on its surface in an improper operation or during fast charging, giving rise to major safety concern.…”