High Carbon Ferro-chromium Production by Self-reducing Process: Effects of Fe–Si and Fluxing Agent Additions

Zambrano, Adolfo Pillihuaman; Takano, Cyro; Mourão, Marcelo Breda; Tagusagawa, Yasuhiko Solon; Iguchi, Yoshiaki

doi:10.2355/isijinternational.51.1296

Cited by 15 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The mechanism of reduction they proposed consisted in two stages: the first stage was the reaction between CO and chromite, while the second stage was carried out after the slag formation, where the reduction process slowed down. Other similar research was realised by Zambrano et al, 11 who studied the effect of iron-silicon addition on reaction efficiency to obtain alloys with high carbon content iron-chromium under argon atmosphere. The process was studied at temperatures ranging from 1500 to 1600°C, and the authors found that the reaction rate increased with the temperature as long as the slag had not yet been formed; in the presence of slag, the reaction time increased.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Kinetic study on the metallothermic reduction of chromite ore using magnesium scrap

Ochoa¹,

Flores²,

Torres³

et al. 2016

Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly

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A study on the metallothermic reduction of chromite ore is presented and discussed, using magnesium scrap as reducing agent. Microstructural analysis corroborated the distribution of phases inside the particles, where Fe and Cr were located at the centre surrounded by layers of reaction products, mainly MgO. The maximum conversion efficiency of Fe and Cr was 38% at 1050°C, after a reaction time of 3 hours, using 75% excess of magnesium scrap. A kinetic study was performed fitting the experimental data to available kinetic models, where the data adjusted to the chemical reaction model, especially at the beginning of reaction. A second reaction stage was confirmed once the experimental data was adjusted to the Jander diffusion model. For the chemical reaction model, the constant rate and the activation energy were 0.32 h −1 and 60.12 kJ mol −1 , respectively. For the diffusion model, the rate constant was 0.20 h −1 and the activation energy 47.04 kJ mol −1 .On présente et discute d'une étude de la réduction métallothermique du minerai de chromite, utilisant des rebuts de magnésium comme agent réducteur. L'analyse de la microstructure a corroboré la distribution des phases dans les particules, où le Fe et le Cr étaient situés au centre et entourés par des couches de produits de réaction, principalement du MgO. Le rendement maximal de la conversion du Fe et du Cr était de 38% à 1050°C, après une durée de réaction de trois heures, en utilisant un excès de 75% de rebuts de magnésium. On a effectué une étude cinétique, ajustant les données expérimentales aux modèles cinétiques disponibles, où les données étaient ajustées au modèle de réaction chimique, spécialement au début de la réaction. On a confirmé une seconde étape de réaction, après ajustement des données expérimentales au modèle de diffusion de Jander. Pour le modèle de la réaction chimique, la constante cinétique et l'énergie d'activation étaient de 0.32 h −1 et de 60.12 kJ mol −1 , respectivement. Pour le modèle de diffusion, la constante cinétique était de 0.20 h −1 et l'énergie d'activation, de 47.04 kJ mol −1 .

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Kinetic study on the metallothermic reduction of chromite ore using magnesium scrap

Ochoa¹,

Flores²,

Torres³

et al. 2016

Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly

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“…Ferric chloride helps coarsen the iron particles and can effectively help in separating metal from the reduced product 5, 6. Zambrano et al,7 observed that the addition of 2% Fe–Si in the chromite pellet accelerates the reaction rate by around six times.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancement Reduction of Panzhihua Ilmenite Concentrate with Coke and Conglomeration of Metal with Ferrosilicon

Huang

Bai

et al. 2013

steel research int.

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The particle size and metallization ratio of iron in reduced ilmenite have an important function in separating the metal from TiO 2 -rich slag in the electric arc furnace process. In this study, an ilmenite concentrate supplied by Panzhihua Iron and Steel (Group) Co. was reduced at 13808C in an electric resistance furnace. The effects of Fe-Si addition and reduction time on the particle size and metallization ratio of iron in the reduced sample were analyzed. The metallization ratio of iron significantly increased with increasing Fe-Si amount and reduction time, and reached %90% after 40 min. However, the metallization ratio of iron was about 85% without Fe-Si addition. Meanwhile, the iron particle size increased with increasing Fe-Si amount; the growth was obvious with the addition of 1% Fe-Si. Moreover, the growth rate of the iron particle size also increased with increasing reduction time. The TG-DTG curves indicated that the mass loss with Fe-Si addition was less than that without Fe-Si addition, and the temperature at which the maximum rate of mass loss rate was achieved was lower than that without Fe-Si addition.

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“…Recently, the Fe-Si was used as an additive in the carbothermic reduction of chromite. 13,14) It was observed that the addition of Fe-Si enhanced the carbothermic reduction of chromite. In present study, an attempt was made to enhance the carbothermic reduction of PTC by the addition of Fe-Si.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbothermic Reduction of Titanomagnetite Concentrates with Ferrosilicon Addition

Bai

et al. 2013

ISIJ Int.

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The effect of Fe-Si on the carbothermaic reduction of Panzhihua titanomagnetite concentrates were investigated under argon atmosphere by isothermal experiments at 1 623 K and non-isothermal experiments in the temperature range from room temperature to 1 723 K with a heating rate of 10 K/min, respectively. The morphology of reduced samples obtained by isothermal experiments was checked by scanning electron microscope. The results show that the addition of Fe-Si accelerates the carbothermic reduction rate of PTC. A part of silicon in the Fe-Si substitutes for carbon to participate the reduction of PTC. The addition of Fe-Si facilitates the nucleation and coalescence of metallic iron formed by reduction. A reaction mechanism for the carbothermic reduction of PTC with Fe-Si addition was proposed. The reduction process could be divided into three stages. In the first stage (lower than 1 273 K), the solid phase reactions with carbon and silicon as reductants are dominant. The exdothermic reduction by silicon, to a certain extent, promotes the reduction of PTC. In the second stage (1 273-1 423 K), the rate of reduction by CO is much faster than that of reduction by silicon, resulting in little influence of Fe-Si on the reduction of PTC. In the final stage, the reduction by silicon markedly occurs again, which further facilitates the coalescence of metallic iron and the reduction of PTC.

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High Carbon Ferro-chromium Production by Self-reducing Process: Effects of Fe–Si and Fluxing Agent Additions

Cited by 15 publications

References 5 publications

Kinetic study on the metallothermic reduction of chromite ore using magnesium scrap

Kinetic study on the metallothermic reduction of chromite ore using magnesium scrap

Enhancement Reduction of Panzhihua Ilmenite Concentrate with Coke and Conglomeration of Metal with Ferrosilicon

Carbothermic Reduction of Titanomagnetite Concentrates with Ferrosilicon Addition

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