High cellulolytic activities in filamentous fungi isolated from an extreme oligotrophic subterranean environment (Catão cave) in Brazil

Paula, C; Montoya, Quimi Vidaurre; Meirelles, Lucas A.; Farinas, Cristiane S.; Rodrigues, André; Seleghim, Mirna Helena Regali

doi:10.1590/0001-3765201920180583

Cited by 18 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…In Brazil, Aspergillus and Penicillium were the most abundant fungi found in different substrates of caves (e.g. soil and dry sediment) [21,27,[29][30][31]. Other fungal taxa also reported in association with plants or as entomopathogenic fungus were also found as airborne fungi in our study [e.g.…”

Section: P = Fungal Taxon Present (Observed)supporting

confidence: 65%

“…As a consequence of the possible infection of eight biologists by Histoplasma capsulatum Darling after an expedition to a cave, Rocha-Silva et al [28] highlighted the importance of verifying the presence of this species before authorisation for public visitation. However, Paula et al [30,31] demonstrated the high cellulolytic activities of fungal isolates (including Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Talaromyces) from the soil of a cave, pointing to some biotechnological potential. To the best of our knowledge, there are no studies on the fungal species richness from bat caves in Brazil (including fungi that are airborne, found on bats, and in the guano), particularly in the Brazilian tropical dry forest.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Living in the dark: Bat caves as hotspots of fungal diversity

et al. 2020

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Bat caves are very special roosts that harbour thousands of bats of one or more species. Such sites may hold an incredible “dark fungal diversity” which is still underestimated. We explored the culturable fungal richness in the air, on bats, and in the guano in a bat cave in Brazil’s Caatinga dry forest. Fungal abundance was 683 colony-forming units (CFU) in the guano, 673 CFU in the air, and 105 CFU on the bats. Based on morphological and phylogenetic analysis of ITS, LSU, and TUB2 sequences, fungal isolates of 59 taxa belonging to 37 genera in the phyla Ascomycota (28 genera, including Aspergillus, Penicillium, Cladosporium, and Talaromyces), Basidiomycota (eight genera, including Rhodotorula and Schizophyllum), and Mucoromycota (only Rhizopus) were identified. The fungal richness in the air was 23 taxa (especially Aspergillus taxa), mainly found at 15 m and 45 m from the cave entrance; on the bodies of bats it was 36 taxa (mainly Aspergillus taxa), especially on their wing membranes (21 taxa, nine of which were exclusively found in this microhabitat); and in guano 10 fungal taxa (especially Aspergillus and Penicillium) were found. The fungal richness associated with guano (fresh and non-fresh) was similar from bats with different eating habits (insectivorous, frugivorous, and haematophagous). Sampling effort was not sufficient to reveal the total fungal taxa richness estimated. Eight (21.6%) of the 37 genera and 17 (53.1%) of the 32 identified fungal species are reported for the first time in caves. Our results highlight bat caves in Brazil as hotspots of fungal diversity, emphasizing the need to protect such special roosts.

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Section: P = Fungal Taxon Present (Observed)supporting

confidence: 65%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Living in the dark: Bat caves as hotspots of fungal diversity

et al. 2020

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“…It is also important to highlight the high biotechnological potential that they have (Mazina et al, 2019;Paula et al, 2019). However, caves are still severely threatened and lack efficient conservation strategies (Rabelo et al, 2018).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Also, caves may represent strategic habitats for species conservation in the face of climate change, as already shown in cases of relict species (Mammola,Piano, Cardoso, et al., 2019; Pérez‐González et al., 2017). It is also important to highlight the high biotechnological potential that they have (Mazina et al., 2019; Paula et al., 2019). However, caves are still severely threatened and lack efficient conservation strategies (Rabelo et al., 2018).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epigean and hypogean drivers of Neotropical subterranean communities

Rabelo

Souza‐Silva

Ferreira

2020

Journal of Biogeography

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Aim: In addition to cave size and other subterranean habitat characteristics, cave entrances are important structurers of neotropical cave communities. However, little is known about the epigean ecosystems factors that might dictate the influence of entrances and the relationship among surface and cave communities, as entrance regions are ecotonal zones between the epigean and hypogean ecosystems. We aimed to assess the influence of epigean and hypogean factors as potential drivers of invertebrate species richness in Neotropical caves as well as the influence of the regional pool of invertebrate diversity on cave invertebrate diversity. Location: Limestone caves in southeastern Brazil. Taxon: Invertebrates Methods: Data were collected in 48 caves within the Cerrado biome (Brazilian Savanna). The fauna sampling was performed by a direct intuitive search (DIS). Landscape characteristics and climatic parameters were accessed using geographic information systems. The characterization of the caves occurred during each sampling event. Regional diversity was based on the Taxonomic Catalog of Brazilian Fauna. To clarify the factors that significantly influence invertebrate species richness of the caves, we used generalized linear models (GLM). The relationship between regional diversity and cave diversity was evaluated based on linear models (LM). Results: Overall, 1,173 species were found, of which 72 were obligate subterranean dwellers. The cave total species richness was influenced by hypogean factors and epigean factors. The species richness of obligate cave dwellers was significantly explained only by cave size. The regional pool of invertebrate species influenced the levels of biodiversity in the studied caves. The taxa with troglobitic species tended to be more diverse in caves than expected. Main conclusions: In addition to the influences of intrinsic cave variables, we highlight the importance of epigean factors on subterranean diversity in the Neotropics. The study shows the significant influence of the regional species pool on cave faunal composition. These findings reinforce the importance of considering the surrounding areas in actions regarding cave biodiversity conservation.

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“…Exploration of cellulase enzymes in a conventional way has placed Aspergillus sp. as an organism that has high cellulase activity [61]. However, metagenomic methods reveal that cellulase enzymes can be found widely in various types of organisms.…”

Section: Cellulasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metagenomic applications in exploration and development of novel enzymes from nature: a review

Prayogo

Budiharjo

Kusumaningrum

et al. 2020

Journal of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology

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Background: Microbial community has an essential role in various fields, especially the industrial sector. Microbes produce metabolites in the form of enzymes, which are one of the essential compounds for industrial processes. Unfortunately, there are still numerous microbes that cannot be identified and cultivated because of the limitations of the culture-based method. The metagenomic approach is a solution for researchers to overcome these problems. The main body of the abstract: Metagenomics is a strategy used to analyze the genomes of microbial communities in the environment directly. Metagenomics application used to explore novel enzymes is essential because it allows researchers to obtain data on microbial diversity, reaching of 99% and various types of genes encoding an enzyme that has not yet been identified. Basic methods in metagenomics have been developed and are commonly used in various studies. A basic understanding of metagenomics for researchers is needed, especially young researchers to support the success of the research. Short conclusion: Therefore, this review was done in order to provide a deep understanding of metagenomics. It also discussed the application and basic methods of metagenomics in the exploration of novel enzymes, especially in the latest research. Several types of enzymes, such as cellulases, proteases, and lipases, which have been explored using metagenomics, were reviewed in this article.

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High cellulolytic activities in filamentous fungi isolated from an extreme oligotrophic subterranean environment (Catão cave) in Brazil

Cited by 18 publications

References 40 publications

Living in the dark: Bat caves as hotspots of fungal diversity

Living in the dark: Bat caves as hotspots of fungal diversity

Epigean and hypogean drivers of Neotropical subterranean communities

Metagenomic applications in exploration and development of novel enzymes from nature: a review

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