“…Chronically activated disease‐associated microglia are present in the CNS tissue of patients with various neurodegenerative diseases, including AD, and they release pro‐inflammatory cytokines, particularly IL‐1α, TNF‐α, and C1q, which lead to downstream activation of astrocytes (Liddelow et al, ). Disease‐associated “A1” astrocytes express various complements including C1q, C1r, C1s, C3, and C4 (Stephan, Barres, & Stevens, ; Stevens et al, ) and down‐regulate various complement regulatory proteins such as CD59, CD46, DAF, and CR1 (Goetzl, Schwartz, Abner, Jicha, & Kapogiannis, ). “A1” astrocytes have been identified in several neurodegenerative diseases including AD, Huntington's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and multiple sclerosis.…”