High Concentration of Iopromide Induces Apoptosis and Autophagy in Human Embryonic Kidney Cells<i>via</i>Activating a ROS-dependent Cellular Stress Pathway

Tsai, Yuh-Feng; Yang, Jai Sing; Tsai, Fuu‐Jen; Cheng, Yih-Dih; Chiu, Yu–Jen; Tsai, Shih‐Chang

doi:10.21873/invivo.12617

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…Both apoptosis and autophagy are important for regulating cell fate. Apoptosis and autophagy share similar regulatory systems, such as p53, Bcl family proteins, FADD, and Atg proteins (19,20). We hypothesized that gadodiamide induces autophagy in HaCaT cells.…”

Section: Gadodiamide Significantly Suppressed Hacat Cell Viabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Gadodiamide Induced Autophagy and Apoptosis in Human Keratinocytes

Tsai

Yang

Chiu

et al. 2022

In Vivo

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Background/Aim: Gadolinium has been reported to cause liver lobular necrosis and nephrogenic systemic fibrosis. However, its toxicity to the skin remains unknown. This study aimed to investigate the effect of a high dose of gadolinium-based contrast agent gadodiamide on the human keratinocyte HaCaT cell line. Materials and Methods: Cell viability was assessed using MTT assay, and autophagy was assessed using acridine orange and LysoTracker Red staining. Western blotting was performed to verify the changes in Bcl2 and Bax levels. Results: The viability of HaCaT cells was significantly suppressed after gadodiamide treatment. Interestingly, gadodiamide caused autophagic vacuoles, whereas the autophagy inhibitors 3-methyladenine and chloroquine significantly alleviated autophagic cell death. Simultaneously, gadodiamide induced apoptosis, which was reduced by caspase inhibitors. Gadodiamide also inhibited Bcl-2 expression and promoted Bax expression. Conclusion: Gadodiamide induced both autophagy and apoptosis in HaCaT cells. Physicians should carefully assess the gadodiamide dosage used clinically.Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a contemporary technology that produces three-dimensional images of the anatomical human body and helps in the detection and diagnosis of diseases. The density of contrast agents produces a strong contrast effect; however, patients with severe renal failure may be at risk of a serious illness called nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF) that may be linked to the use of certain gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs) such as gadodiamide (1, 2). GBCAs agents can be applied to the human body, providing anatomical imaging of the head, spinal cord, and vascular artery for doctors to determine the condition of the entire body (3). However, its toxicity to normal skin cells is critical, but has never been investigated.NSF is a serious, late adverse reaction to gadodiamide (4, 5). Thus, the Taiwan Food and Drug Administration suggests the use of the lowest effective dose to prevent possible adverse effects on any part of the human body (6, 7). Longterm ionized gadolinium accumulation may cause fibrosis in various tissues of the human body, including the skin. Early alterations and symptoms of NSF may include pain, itching, swelling, and erythema, which usually start in the legs. Late lesions may include thickening of the skin and subcutaneous tissues, visceral fibrosis, and finally severe symptoms like limb contracture, cachexia, and death (8, 9). However, the detailed mechanisms remain largely unknown. The main purpose of the current study was to explore whether high 603 This article is freely accessible online.

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Section: Gadodiamide Significantly Suppressed Hacat Cell Viabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Gadodiamide Induced Autophagy and Apoptosis in Human Keratinocytes

Tsai

Yang

Chiu

et al. 2022

In Vivo

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Preparation and Biological Activity of Lignin–Silver Hybrid Nanoparticles

Maršík,

Danda,

Otta

et al. 2024

ACS Omega

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Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are excellent antimicrobial agents and promising candidates for preventing or treating bacterial infections caused by antibiotic resistant strains. However, their increasing use in commercial products raises concerns about their environmental impact. In addition, traditional physicochemical approaches often involve harmful agents and excessive energy consumption, resulting in AgNPs with short-term colloidal stability and silver ion leaching. To address these issues, we designed stable hybrid lignin−silver nanoparticles (AgLigNPs) intended to effectively hit bacterial envelopes as a main antimicrobial target. The lignin nanoparticles (LigNPs), serving as a reducing and stabilizing agent for AgNPs, have a median size of 256 nm and a circularity of 0.985. These LigNPs were prepared using the dialysis solvent exchange method, producing spherical particles stable under alkaline conditions and featuring reducing groups oriented toward a wrinkled surface, facilitating AgNPs synthesis and attachment. Maximum accumulation of silver on the LigNP surface was observed at a mass reaction ratio m Ag :m Lig of 0.25, at pH 11. The AgLigNPs completely inhibited suspension growth and reduced biofilm development by 50% in three tested strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa at a concentration of 80/9.5 (lignin/silver) mg L −1 . Compared to unattached AgNPs, AgLigNPs required two to eight times lower silver concentrations to achieve complete inhibition. Additionally, our silvercontaining nanosystems were effective against bacteria at safe concentrations in HEK-293 and HaCaT tissue cultures. Stability experiments revealed that the nanosystems tend to aggregate in media used for bacterial cell cultures but remain stable in media used for tissue cultures. In all tested media, the nanoparticles retained their integrity, and the presence of lignin facilitated the prevention of silver ions from leaching. Overall, our data demonstrate the suitability of AgLigNPs for further valorization in the biomedical sector.

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