High concentration suspended sediment measurements using a continuous fiber optic in-stream transmissometer

Campbell, Chris; Laycak, Danny; Hoppes, William G.; Tran, Ngoc Nguyen; Shi, Frank G.

doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2005.01.026

Cited by 50 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Unfortunately, no sufficient test report clearly marks the advantages of OBS5+ and therefore makes the uses of this improved version of OBS unpopular. A fiber optic in-stream transmissometer was developed and tested to measure high SSC up to 10 g/L [8]; however, there is no market product based on this transmissonmeter.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparisons of Different Instruments for Measuring Suspended Cohesive Sediment Concentrations

Shao

Maa

2017

Water

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Abstract:Laboratory experiments were conducted to compare the performances of four different instruments for measuring suspended cohesive sediment concentrations (SSCs). Among these instruments, two were different models of optical backscatter sensor (i.e., OBS3+ and OBS5+), one was an acoustic Doppler velocimeter (MicroADV), and the last was a laser infrared optical sensor developed at Hohai University, China (HHU-LIOS). Sediments collected from the Yangtze River Estuary and a commercially available kaolinite were selected to check the responses of these four instruments. They were placed in an aqueous solution, and the SSCs were changed within a range from about 10 mg/L to 30 g/L to demonstrate the effective measuring ranges for each instrument. For the kaolinite suspension, the results showed that the HHU-LIOS has a much larger linear response range (0.1 to 13 g/L) when compared with other devices (the MicroADV: 0.1 to 1.35 g/L; the OBS3+: 0.1 to 5 g/L; and the OBS5+: 0.1 to 1 g/L). For the sediment sample from the Yangtze River Estuary, the results showed that the HHU-LIOS has a much wider usable range (from 0.1 to 25 g/L), compared with those for the others. It also showed that a combination of using a HHU-LIOS for the quadratic increasing range up to 25 g/L and the OBS5+ for the clear decreasing output are able to measure the SSCs of the estuarine mud up to 50 g/L.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparisons of Different Instruments for Measuring Suspended Cohesive Sediment Concentrations

Shao

Maa

2017

Water

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“…The recent growing interest in sediment concentration monitoring by using ultrasonic diagnostic methods is based on attenuation spectrometry (Stolojanu and Prakash 2001, Campbell et al 2005, Trevethan et al 2007). Sound-wave attenuation through dispersed-phase suspensions of a continuous second-phase material could be used to characterize suspensions (Harker and Temple 1988).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of solid suspension concentration and flow velocity with temperature compensation using a portable ultrasonic device

Huang

Sung

Lai

et al. 2013

Hydrological Sciences Journal

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Measurement of solid suspension concentration and flow velocity with temperature compensation using a portable ultrasonic device. Hydrological Sciences Journal, 58 (3), 615-626. Abstract Ultrasonic spectroscopy is highly suitable for real-time measurement, in particular for dense particle systems. In the present study, a novel measurement device, namely a portable ultrasonic device (PUD), is designed and manufactured for measuring solid suspension concentration and flow velocity simultaneously with respect to the propagation of ultrasound waves in a solid-liquid mixture at different temperatures. A series of experiments were conducted in the laboratory to obtain the ultrasonic attenuation of kaolin and reservoir sediment solutions within a wide range of concentrations (1000-300 000 mg/L) at various temperatures (15-27• C). The resulting data were regressed to establish linear functions of attenuation and temperature for concentration. The experimental data were compared with theoretical simulated results to show the effect of particle size distribution on concentration measurement. The flow meter part of the PUD was verified by a standard-speed carriage in the towing tank. According to experimental tests by PUD, it was demonstrated that the accuracy for concentration in full scale is ±5%, and the accuracy for flow velocity is ±2%. Compared with sampled data, good agreements were also found by employing the PUD for sediment concentration and flow velocity measurements in turbidity currents during typhoon floods in a reservoir, which demonstrates that the PUD is operable and reliable on site.Key words real-time measurement; sediment concentration; flow meter; ultrasonic Mesures des concentrations de matières en suspension et des vitesses d'écoulement avec compensation de la température utilisant un appareil à ultrasons portatifRésumé La spectroscopie à ultrasons est très appropriée, en particulier pour les systèmes de particules denses, pour la mesure en temps réel. Dans cette étude, un nouveau dispositif de mesure, à savoir un dispositif à ultrasons portatif (DUP), a été conçu et fabriqué pour mesurer la concentration des matières en suspension et simultané-ment la vitesse d'écoulement en utilisant la propagation d'ondes ultrasonores dans un mélange solide-liquide à différentes températures. Une série d'expériences a été menée au laboratoire pour observer l'atténuation des ultrasons par des solutions de kaolin et de sédiments de réservoir sur une large gamme de concentrations (1000-300 000 mg/L) à différentes températures (15-27• C). Par régression sur les données obtenues, des fonctions linéaires de l'atténuation et de la température ont été établies pour fournir la concentration. Les données expérimentales ont été comparées avec les résultats théoriques simulés pour illustrer l'effet de la distribution granulométrique sur la mesure de la concentration. La fonctionnalité débitmètre du DUP a été vérifiée par un chariot étalon de vitesse dans un bassin rectiligne. Selon les essais expérimentaux du DUP, il a été...

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“…Optical devices emit light and then measure the total reflected light, which is proportional to sediment concentration. They need calibration under practical conditions such as overlapping shade, non-uniform distribution of concentration, and sizes and shapes of particles (Vos et al 2000;Campbell et al 2005;Orwin and Smart 2005). Laser-and γ-ray-based devices, with high-resolution temporal and spatial coherence, are able to efficiently reduce noises and disturbances from outside (Lei et al 2002); however, these devices are usually very expensive and large.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Preliminary Study on the Measurement of Sediment Concentration in Hill-Slope Runoff with an Electrolyte Tracer

Shi¹,

Zhang²

2012

Terr. Atmos. Ocean. Sci.

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Sediment concentration in hill-slope runoff is an important index for soil erosion. Developing a reliable and portable measuring system of sediment concentration is a core issue for soil and water conservation study, especially for the Tibetan Plateau under unfavorable climate and terrain conditions for field investigation. Challenges include uneven distribution of sediment across a runoff section as well as difficulty in detecting a wide range of particle sizes. An electrolyte tracer, with the advantage of uniform distribution and its widely used electric-conductivity sensor, can avoid the problems of direct measurement of sediment. A new measurement method of sediment concentration in runoff with an electrolyte tracer is proposed based on a premise that sediment concentration is closely correlated with hydrodynamic dispersion coefficient of solute in runoff. In this study, an experiment system of hill-slope runoff with an electrolyte tracer and sediments is first designed. Second, two model parameters in the advective-dispersive equation of solute transport, flow velocity and diffusion coefficient, are inversely estimated by calibrating the observed concentrations of an electrolyte tracer. And third, the relationship between sediment concentrations and hydrodynamic dispersion coefficients are defined through specified regression. As a result, a measurement system of sediment concentration in hill-slope runoff with an electrolyte tracer is primarily established by integrating the relationship of variables, experiment system, and model theory.

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High concentration suspended sediment measurements using a continuous fiber optic in-stream transmissometer

Cited by 50 publications

References 21 publications

Comparisons of Different Instruments for Measuring Suspended Cohesive Sediment Concentrations

Comparisons of Different Instruments for Measuring Suspended Cohesive Sediment Concentrations

Measurement of solid suspension concentration and flow velocity with temperature compensation using a portable ultrasonic device

A Preliminary Study on the Measurement of Sediment Concentration in Hill-Slope Runoff with an Electrolyte Tracer

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