High concentrations of biotechnologically produced astaxanthin by lowering pH in a Phaffia rhodozyma bioprocess

Schewe, Hendrik; A, Kreutzer; Schmidt, Isabell; Schubert, Christian; Schrader, Jens

doi:10.1007/s12257-016-0349-4

Cited by 28 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Even with increased supplementation, the non-detoxified stillage media was not a superior media compared to detoxified stillage media. The cell astaxanthin content of 3.9 mg astaxanthin/g dry cell was higher than what has been demonstrated for P. rhodozyma cultivated on date juice [48], but overall biomass growth at 18.2 g/L still lagged behind fermentations performed on molasses [49] and an optimized media and fed-batch process that could produce 114 g per kg broth [50]. The formation of carotenoids by pigmented yeast strains such as P. rhodozyma can also be inhibited by the presence of amine compounds.…”

Section: (G/l) P (Mg/l) Yp/s (Mg/g) Yx/s (G/g) Yp/x (Mg/g) Qp (Mg/l/h)contrasting

confidence: 59%

Xylose-Enriched Ethanol Fermentation Stillage from Sweet Sorghum for Xylitol and Astaxanthin Production

2019

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Developing integrated biorefineries requires the generation of high-value co-products produced alongside cellulosic ethanol. Most industrial yeast strains produce ethanol at high titers, but the small profit margins for generating ethanol require that additional high-value chemicals be generated to improve revenue. The aim of this research was to boost xylose utilization and conversion to high-value co-products that can be generated in an integrated biorefinery. Pretreated sweet sorghum bagasse (SSB) was hydrolyzed in sweet sorghum juice (SSJ) followed by ethanol fermentation. Ethanol was removed from the fermentation broth by evaporation to generate a stillage media enriched in xylose. Candida mogii NRRL Y-17032 could easily grow in non-detoxified stillage media, but a high xylitol yield of 0.55 g xylitol/g xylose consumed was achieved after recovered cells were resuspended in synthetic media containing supplemented xylose. Phaffia rhodozyma ATCC 74219 could be cultivated in non-detoxified stillage media, but astaxanthin generation was increased 4-fold (from 17.5 to 71.7 mg/L) in detoxified media. Future processing strategies to boost product output should focus on a two-step process where the stillage media is used as the growth stage, and a synthetic media for the production stage utilizing xylose generated from SSB through selective hemicellulase enzymes.

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Section: (G/l) P (Mg/l) Yp/s (Mg/g) Yx/s (G/g) Yp/x (Mg/g) Qp (Mg/l/h)contrasting

confidence: 59%

Xylose-Enriched Ethanol Fermentation Stillage from Sweet Sorghum for Xylitol and Astaxanthin Production

2019

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“…Many studies have focused on increasing astaxanthin production through genetic engineering and optimization of fermentation conditions (Schmidt et al , 2011; Gassel et al , 2014; Hara et al , 2014; Pan et al , 2017). A yield of high astaxanthin content (5.1 mg g −1 DCW) by X. dendrorhous AXJ‐20 by lowering the pH during the bioprocess and increasing trace elements and vitamin concentrations has been reported (Schewe et al , 2017). Wang et al showed that glutamate feeding facilitated glucose consumption and further led to the increase in astaxanthin content in X. dendrorhous UV3‐721 (Wang et al , 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing astaxanthin accumulation in Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous by a phytohormone: metabolomic and gene expression profiles

Pan

Wang

Duan

et al. 2020

Microbial Biotechnology

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Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous is a promising source of natural astaxanthin due to its ability to accumulate high amounts of astaxanthin. This study showed that 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BAP) is an effective substrate that enhances cell biomass and astaxanthin accumulation in X. dendrorhous. In the current study, the biomass and astaxanthin content in X. dendrorhous were determined to be improved by 21.98% and 24.20%, respectively, induced by 6-BAP treatments. To further understand the metabolic responses of X. dendrorhous to 6-BAP, time-course metabolomics and gene expression levels of X. dendrorhous cultures with and without 6-BAP feeding were investigated. Metabolome analysis revealed that 6-BAP facilitated glucose consumption, promoted the glycolysis, suppressed the TCA cycle, drove carbon flux of acetyl-CoA into fatty acid and mevalonate biosynthesis, and finally facilitated the formation of astaxanthin. ROS analysis suggested that the antioxidant mechanism in X. dendrorhous can be induced by 6-BAP. Additionally, the process of 6-BAP significantly upregulated the expression of six key genes involved in pathways related to astaxanthin biosynthesis. This research demonstrates the metabolomic mechanism of phytohormone stimulation of astaxanthin production iNn X. dendrorhous and presents a new strategy to improve astaxanthin production to prevent the dilemma of choosing between accumulation of astaxanthin and cell biomass.

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“…On the other hand, the plasma membrane of yeasts is a thin lipid bilayer with proteins that control the material exchange in the cell (Stewart and Stewart, 2017). N-ASX production by P. rhodozyma involves a growth phase, in which high cellular density is reached, and a maturation phase, where a stress condition may contribute to N-ASX formation (Schewe et al, 2017;Zhang et al, 2020b). It has been shown that stress triggers relevant structural changes in the yeast cell envelop system and reduces cell membrane fluidity (Qiu et al, 2019), which complicates obtaining the N-ASX produced by P. rhodozyma.…”

Section: Phaffia Rhodozymamentioning

confidence: 99%

Importance of Downstream Processing of Natural Astaxanthin for Pharmaceutical Application

et al. 2021

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Astaxanthin (ASX) is a xanthophyll pigment considered as a nutraceutical with high antioxidant activity. Several clinical trials have shown the multiple health benefits of this molecule; therefore, it has various pharmaceutical industry applications. Commercial astaxanthin can be produced by chemical synthesis or through biosynthesis within different microorganisms. The molecule produced by the microorganisms is highly preferred due to its zero toxicity and superior therapeutic properties. However, the biotechnological production of the xanthophyll is not competitive against the chemical synthesis, since the downstream process may represent 70–80% of the process production cost. These operations denote then an opportunity to optimize the process and make this alternative more competitive. Since ASX is produced intracellularly by the microorganisms, high investment and high operational costs, like centrifugation and bead milling or high-pressure homogenization, are mainly used. In cell recovery, flocculation and flotation may represent low energy demanding techniques, whereas, after cell disruption, an efficient extraction technique is necessary to extract the highest percentage of ASX produced by the cell. Solvent extraction is the traditional method, but large-scale ASX production has adopted supercritical CO2 (SC-CO2), an efficient and environmentally friendly technology. On the other hand, assisted technologies are extensively reported since the cell disruption, and ASX extraction can be carried out in a single step. Because a high-purity product is required in pharmaceuticals and nutraceutical applications, the use of chromatography is necessary for the downstream process. Traditionally liquid-solid chromatography techniques are applied; however, the recent emergence of liquid-liquid chromatography like high-speed countercurrent chromatography (HSCCC) coupled with liquid-solid chromatography allows high productivity and purity up to 99% of ASX. Additionally, the use of SC-CO2, coupled with two-dimensional chromatography, is very promising. Finally, the purified ASX needs to be formulated to ensure its stability and bioavailability; thus, encapsulation is widely employed. In this review, we focus on the processes of cell recovery, cell disruption, drying, extraction, purification, and formulation of ASX mainly produced in Haematococcus pluvialis, Phaffia rhodozyma, and Paracoccus carotinifaciens. We discuss the current technologies that are being developed to make downstream operations more efficient and competitive in the biotechnological production process of this carotenoid.

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High concentrations of biotechnologically produced astaxanthin by lowering pH in a Phaffia rhodozyma bioprocess

Cited by 28 publications

References 29 publications

Xylose-Enriched Ethanol Fermentation Stillage from Sweet Sorghum for Xylitol and Astaxanthin Production

Xylose-Enriched Ethanol Fermentation Stillage from Sweet Sorghum for Xylitol and Astaxanthin Production

Enhancing astaxanthin accumulation in Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous by a phytohormone: metabolomic and gene expression profiles

Importance of Downstream Processing of Natural Astaxanthin for Pharmaceutical Application

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