High concentrations of pharmaceuticals emerging as a threat to Himalayan water sustainability

Quincey, Duncan J.; Kay, Paul; Wilkinson, John; Carter, Laura J.; Brown, Lee E.

doi:10.1007/s11356-021-18302-8

Cited by 15 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…This is common in heavily exploited Mediterranean rivers (IMPREX 2020 ). Seasonal reductions in water river flow may also increase the contaminant concentration of pharmaceuticals and hence their potential toxicity and risks since their consumption varied little across the year (Quincey et al 2022 ). Our study was performed in late autumn and winter, which are characterized by being moderately dry, and thus, the Llobregat river water flow is moderate.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Presence and toxicity of drugs used to treat SARS-CoV-2 in Llobregat River, Catalonia, Spain

Dominguez-García

Rodríguez

Barata

et al. 2023

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a strain of coronavirus that causes COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019), the respiratory illness responsible for the on-going COVID-19 pandemic. In March 2020, it was declared global pandemic, causing millions of deaths. An evident tendency of global pharmaceutical consumption due to COVID-19 pandemic should be seen worldwide, and this increase might suppose an environmental threat. Pharmaceuticals administrated at home or in pharmacies are excreted by faeces and urine after consumption, and wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are not able to remove all pharmaceuticals residues that eventually will end up in the aquatic media (rivers and sea). For this reason, analytical techniques such as liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) have become prominent to identify and quantify pharmaceuticals residues in aquatic matrices. In view of the scarce data on the occurrence of pharmaceuticals used as COVID-19 treatment, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the presence of these class of pharmaceuticals in river water which were dexamethasone, prednisone, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, remdesivir, ritonavir, lopinavir, acetaminophen, hydroxychloroquine, chloroquine and cloperastine, their toxicity in the aquatic environment using D. magna and to perform an exhaustive risk assessment in seven points of the Llobregat river basin. Dexamethasone, cloperastine and acetaminophen were the pharmaceuticals with higher concentrations, showing mean levels between 313 and 859 ng L−1.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Presence and toxicity of drugs used to treat SARS-CoV-2 in Llobregat River, Catalonia, Spain

Dominguez-García

Rodríguez

Barata

et al. 2023

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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“…This is common in heavily exploited Mediterranean rivers ("imprex.eu"). Seasonal reductions in water river flow may also increase the contaminant concentration of pharmaceuticals and hence their potential toxicity and risks since their consumption varied little across the year (Quincey et al 2022). Our study was performed in late autumn and winter, which are characterized by being moderately dry and thus the Llobregat river water flow is moderate.…”

Section: Risk Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Presence and toxicity of drugs used to treat SARS-CoV-2 in Llobregat River, Catalonia, Spain.

Dominguez-García

Rodríguez

Barata

et al. 2022

Preprint

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COVID-19 disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus was declared global pandemic in March 2020 causing millions of deaths. An evident tendency of global pharmaceutical consumption due to COVID-19 pandemic should be seen worldwide and this increase might suppose an environmental threat. Pharmaceuticals administrated at home or in pharmacies are excreted by faces and urine after consumption and wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are not capable to remove all pharmaceuticals residues that eventually will end up in the aquatic media (rivers and sea). For this reason, analytical techniques such as liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) have become prominent to identify and quantify pharmaceuticals residues in aquatic matrices. In view of the scarce data on the occurrence of pharmaceuticals used as COVID-19 treatment, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the presence of these class of pharmaceuticals in river water which were dexamethasone, prednisone, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, remdesivir, ritonavir, lopinavir, acetaminophen, hydroxychloroquine, chloroquine and cloperastine, their toxicity in the aquatic environment using D. magna and to perform an exhaustive risk assessment in seven points of the Llobregat river basin.

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“…The study of Cappelli et al [23] found eight pharmaceutical compounds of high ecological concern from a WWTP of Italy which received the sewages from a hospital dedicated for the treatment of COVID-19 patients. Quincey et al [24] showed the presence of 28of -35 monitored human-use pharmaceuticals in 23 river sites which are at risk of proliferating antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and other toxicological endpoints within Kathmandu City and the Annapurna region of Nepal. The global scale study performed by Wilkinson et al [4] shown carbamazepine, metformin, and caffeine as active pharmaceutical contaminants in surface waters of 1052 sampling sites along 258 rivers in 104 countries.…”

Section: Toxic Effects On Aquatic Ecosystemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Aeromonas caviae and A. hydrophila in Indian carps obtained from the local market in Kolkata, India. Quincey et al (2022) [24] reported 28 high risks from human drugs at 23 river sites in the city of Kathmandu and the Annapurna region of Nepal.…”

Section: Amr Evolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Impacts of COVID-19 Pharmaceuticals and Disinfectants.

Srivastava¹,

Reddy²

2022

APJHS

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With the outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic (SARS-COV-2), the use of several aging and irrelevant pharmaceuticals has increased strangely. Consequently, huge amounts of disinfectants and antibiotics were used prevent the spreading of COVID-19 and residual drugs are also constantly excreted in freshwater, raising concerns about potential ecotoxicological effects on aquatic organisms. The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence of these disinfectants and pharmaceuticals in aquatic environment and their potential ecotoxicological effects and antimicrobial resistance (AMR)-promoting effects. The literature information was sourced from PubMed, Science Direct, Embase, MEDLINE, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases using Google Scholars, Academia, and Research gate as search engines. Results revealed that the long-term exposure to pharmaceuticals and disinfectants and its by-products may pose detrimental effects on public health, reproductive impairments, obstructive pulmonary diseases, cancers, skin damage, and damage of central nervous system. Some researchers found significant fluctuations in the community structure of planktonic species in exposed waters. Results also revealed that excess use or misuse antibiotic misuse can accelerated the development of AMR. The present assessment fills the knowledge gap on the prevalence and effects of COVID-19-related pharmaceuticals in on the aquatic environment and wildlife. The outcome our study recommends an urgent need for an ecotoxicological assessment and monitoring the flow of COVID-19-related pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment. We also advocate for an effective waste water management and to improve the removal efficiencies of drug residues in wastewater.

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High concentrations of pharmaceuticals emerging as a threat to Himalayan water sustainability

Cited by 15 publications

References 50 publications

Presence and toxicity of drugs used to treat SARS-CoV-2 in Llobregat River, Catalonia, Spain

Presence and toxicity of drugs used to treat SARS-CoV-2 in Llobregat River, Catalonia, Spain

Presence and toxicity of drugs used to treat SARS-CoV-2 in Llobregat River, Catalonia, Spain.

Environmental Impacts of COVID-19 Pharmaceuticals and Disinfectants.

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