“…However, ZnO is one of the few metal oxides, which can be simultaneously optically transparent, and electrical conductor. Zinc oxide thin films have attracted much interest and find many applications such as in solar cells, energy windows, varistors, and gas sensors 1–4. This is due to their important properties characterized by high transparency, and conductivity, good thermal stability against the hydrogen plasma, nontoxic and easy fabrication 5,6…”