High conversion efficiency single-pass second harmonic generation in a zinc-diffused periodically poled lithium niobate waveguide

Abstract

We report a modified technique for the fabrication of zinc-diffused channel waveguides using z-cut electric-field periodically poled LiNbO3. Unlike previous work, the diffusion was carried out using metallic zinc at atmospheric pressure. By optimizing the thermal diffusion parameters, channel waveguides that preserve the existing periodically poled domain structures, support both TE and TM modes, and enhance photorefractive damage resistance were obtained. Nonlinear characterisation of the channel waveguides was investigated via second harmonic generation of a 1552nm laser with a maximum conversion efficiency of 59%W-1cm-2 at 14.6 masculineC. Using a pulsed source a second harmonic conversion efficiency of 81% was achieved.

Development of photon pair sources using periodically poled lithium niobate waveguide technology and fiber optic components

“…PPLN waveguides have been demonstrated using a wide variety of fabrication technologies, which includes soft proton exchange [21], APE [22], reverse proton exchange [23][24][25], titanium indiffusion [26], and zinc indiffusion [27]. The titanium-and zinc-indiffused waveguides can support both e-waves and o-waves, while the proton-exchanged waveguides only support propagation of the e-wave.…”

Blue‐green light generation using high brilliance edge emitting diode lasers

“…Furthermore, photorefractive damage is supposed to increase with indiffused Ti. As a possible alternative, waveguides Zn indiffusion have been shown with preserved poling and low photo refraction [44].…”

Planar domain structures formed by electron-beam poling in Y- and X-cut LiNbO<inf>3</inf> and waveguides Zn:LiNbO<inf>3</inf>

“…However, in the optical schemes and devices with semiconductor laser diodes waveguide structure formed on the X-or Y-cuts LiNbO 3 with a polar C-axis aligned in the plane of the substrates are preferable [6]. Besides, to produce the more photorefractive-damage-resistant waveguides in lithium niobate than Ti:LiNbO 3 one the diffusion processes of Zn both from oxide [7] and metallic films [8] can be used. This paper reports on the first results on the fabrication and optical investigation of planar periodically poled structures formed by local discrete electron-beam irradiation on Y-and X-cut LiNbO 3 substrates as well as on planar waveguides created in such substrates by Zn-indiffusion.…”