High definition 10μm pitch InGaAs detector with asynchronous laser pulse detection mode

Fraenkel, Rami; Berkowicz, Eyal; Bykov, L.; Dobromislin, Roman; Elishkov, R.; Giladi, A.; Grimberg, I.; Hirsh, I.; Ilan, E.; Jacobson, C.M.; Kogan, I.; Kondrashov, P.E.; Nevo, I.; Pivnik, I.; Vasserman, S.B.

doi:10.1117/12.2222762

Cited by 10 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The detector covers a wide spectral range from the visible to the near infrared, covering most laser wavelengths of interest. To enable detection of low power laser pulses with an intensity within the background level generated by the illuminated earth, the asynchronous laser pulse detection mode (ALPD) is utilized [19]. In this mode a dedicated circuitry on the detector ROIC detects laser events in real time during image integration.…”

Section: Laser Threat Detectormentioning

confidence: 99%

Threat detection, identification, and optical counter measures for space-based applications

Haarlammert

Kwiatkowski²,

Möller³

et al. 2022

High-Power Lasers and Technologies for Optical Countermeasures

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The field of Space Situational Awareness (SSA) has seen increasing interest in recent years. As SSA is covering a wide range of applications, the activities are categorized in three main areas: Space Weather, Near-Earth Objects and Space Surveillance and Tracking (SST). The latter one is covering active and inactive satellites and other man-made objects orbiting Earth. Consequently there are activities focusing on debris and inactive satellites on one hand, which can be seen as maintenance activities allowing humankind long-term access to space. On the other hand, SST covering active satellites is in principle a safety measure for space-based missions. Key words that arise in this context are detection, tracking and identification. These are the key ingredients for in-orbit threat detection. When these ingredients are mastered and dedicated solutions are developed, there is only a small step to go using the gained knowledge and same abilities to perform optical countermeasures.At Jena-Optronik GmbH, we already have a variety of sensors for specific applications in the field of SST available. Our product range covers visible cameras, LiDARs and specific laser detection sensors. Consequently, we recently started increasing our activity in SST to develop dedicated solutions tailored to the specific needs of this application field. Currently, a thermal infrared camera is in development and furthermore we plan to combine all necessary sensors for SST of active satellites in a dedicated SST sensor suite. This suite contains a control electronics unit, which combines all data from the connected sensors to form one data set that covers the satellite surrounding volume and identifies incoming threats. In a next step active sensors can be used to follow incoming threats and hinder them from observing the satellite with the SST sensor suite and in particular its other payloads. This paper will provide an introduction into the topic. It will cover an overview of the concepts and needs for different sensors forming a SST sensor suite. Furthermore, the latest advances in our developments are presented and future steps and activities as well as sensors are motivated.

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Section: Laser Threat Detectormentioning

confidence: 99%

Threat detection, identification, and optical counter measures for space-based applications

Haarlammert

Kwiatkowski²,

Möller³

et al. 2022

High-Power Lasers and Technologies for Optical Countermeasures

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“…Spectro lab [14] 0.7@280K >10 13 80% >99% SUI [15] 2@12.5 °C >10 13 65% >99% FLIR [11] < 1@15 °C >10 13 70% >99.5% Aerius Photonics [9] 3.85@RT >10 13 80% 99.88% SCD [10] 0.5@280K >10 13 80% >99.5% SITP [8] <5@RT 5.3×10 under CDS mode than that under non-CDS mode. The ROIC noise is the main reason that causes the SNR and the detectivity D* to be lower under non-CDS mode.…”

Section: R and D Unitmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The quantum efficiency (QE) at 1550 nm was 80%. The dark current density was 0.5 nA/cm 2 at 7 °C, and the operability was 99.5% [10]. FLIR researched and developed a 1,280 × 1,024 15 μm InGaAs detector.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a High Performance 1280×1024 InGaAs SWIR FPA Detector at Room Temperature

Zhang

Wang

et al. 2021

Front. Phys.

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A 1280 × 1,024 In0.53Ga0.47As short wave infrared (SWIR) focal plane array (FPA) detector with a planar-type back-illuminated process has been fabricated. With indium bump flip-chip bonding techniques, the InGaAs photodiode arrays were hybrid-integrated to the CMOS readout integrated circuit (ROIC) with correlated double sampling (CDS). The response spectrum is 0.9–1.7 μm. The test results show that the dark current density is 2.25 nA/cm2 at 25 °C, the detectivity D* is up to 1.1 × 1013 cm · Hz1/2/W, the noise electron is as low as 48 e− under correlated double sampling mode, the quantum efficiency is 88% at 1550 nm, and the operability is more than 99.9%. Moreover, the dark current and noise electron have been studied theoretically in depth. The results indicate that the diffusion current is the main contribution of the dark current, and the readout integrated circuit noise electron is the main source of FPA noise.

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“…In 2009, the FPA format has been raised to 1k×1k reported by MacDougal, et al [15] The MOVPE grown planartype devices show dark current density below 1.0 nA/cm 2 at −100-mV bias and 7 • C. Here, the planar-type device means that the pn junction is formed through diffusion in processing step, whereas mesa-type device means the the pn junction is formed during epitaxy by in situ doping. With the excellent characteristics of the lattice-matched InGaAs system and related mature technologies, and especially the clear prospect of the FPAs, such devices, including III-V lab and SOFRADIR in France, [16][17][18] SITP/CAS in China, [19] Fraunhofer IAF in Germany, [20] Aerius Photonics, Raytheon and Spectrolab in USA [21,22] SemiConductor Devices in Israel, [23] and so on, have been developed. For imaging purposes, 640×512 VGA format of 15-µm pitch, which is the most popular version for mass applications, has already matured and become products.…”

Section: Lattice-matched Ingaas Pds and Fpasmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the back illuminating case, the cut-on wavelength is determined by the bandgap of InP substrate to be about 0.93 µm, through thinning or removing the InP substrate and tailoring the epitaxial structure, the cut-on wavelength of the FPAs moved to shorter wavelength and entered into visible band, and even decreased down to 400 nm. [13,[16][17][18]23,24] The visible extended version of InGaAs FPAs can partially incorporate the function of Si CCD/CMOS camera into the system, which is desirable for certain applications. Special formats of the device are especially useful for applications in spectral sensing or line scan imaging.…”

Section: Lattice-matched Ingaas Pds and Fpasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short-wave infrared InGaAs photodetectors and focal plane arrays

et al. 2018

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In this article, unique spectral features of short-wave infrared band of 1 µm-3 µm, and various applications related to the photodetectors and focal plane arrays in this band, are introduced briefly. In addition, the different material systems for the devices in this band are outlined. Based on the background, the development of lattice-matched and wavelengthextended InGaAs photodetectors and focal plane arrays, including our continuous efforts in this field, are reviewed. These devices are concentrated on the applications in spectral sensing and imaging, exclusive of optical fiber communication.

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High definition 10μm pitch InGaAs detector with asynchronous laser pulse detection mode

Cited by 10 publications

References 6 publications

Threat detection, identification, and optical counter measures for space-based applications

Threat detection, identification, and optical counter measures for space-based applications

Development of a High Performance 1280×1024 InGaAs SWIR FPA Detector at Room Temperature

Short-wave infrared InGaAs photodetectors and focal plane arrays

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