High-Definition Survey of Architectural Heritage Fusing Multisensors—The Case of Beamless Hall at Linggu Temple in Nanjing, China

Abstract

Following the development of digital measurement technology in recent years, the information contained in the measurement outcomes have become increasingly rich. However, the traditional graphical representation method based on vector graph needs to be updated. In this study, we use the Beamless Hall of Linggu Temple as an example. Measurements are conducted by using digital techniques, including three-dimensional (3D) laser scanning, close-range photogrammetry, and infrared thermal imaging. The pseudocolours that express spatial information and moisture distribution are calculated and generated through point clouds, which are used to express the land subsidence, wall deformation, moisture distribution, and other effects of the Beamless Hall. Furthermore, combining it with two-dimensional (2D) graphical representation, such as the plan, elevation, and section, damage-related information can be expressed intuitively and efficiently. This method can combine the advantages of graphics and images to provide a comprehensive and intuitive representation of the digital measurement results of brick architecture heritage. It can also provide a reference for surveying similar monuments and buildings of our architectural heritage.

InfraRed Thermography and 3D-Data Fusion for Architectural Heritage: A Scoping Review

“…This supports the belief that trade-offs between cost and resolution can be made for IRT-3DDF, with considerations for model accuracy and applications determined for a project's purpose [73]. Furthermore, recent studies utilising even lower resolution thermal images (∼320 × 240) demonstrate effective modelling when (1) a sufficient number of images are taken [75]; (2) an appropriate level of detail is determined [83]; and (3) accompanying data bolster interpretation [69,82].…”

“…Here, exploiting IRT-3DDF allows for (1) the precise localisation of thermal discrepancies; (2) a holistic assessment of thermal comfort incorporating temporality; and (3) the coupling of quantitative sensor data with qualitative thermal data. Methods exploiting TTIS have proven how a wealth of registered data can provide comprehensive assessments of architectural heritage and demonstrates the suitability of information management systems to interpret and manage data [82].…”

“…'Holistic management' studies demonstrate aims where IRT-3DDF contributes to ongoing management campaigns, notably through the use of H-BIM as a means of creating interoperable data management systems [69]. Fang et al's aim of determining a CAD workflow for conservation appreciates the evolution of their research through the future work, identifying the logical progression of their integrated surveys into a BIM for "heritage managers, experts, and visitors" ( [82], p. 14). Similarly, Martín-Lerones et al's [84] development of a REVIT plug-in, enhancing scan-to-HBIM procedures, places IRT-3DDF as a central tool for the documentation and management of heritage assets.…”

Smart Heritage Practice and Its Characteristics Based on Architectural Heritage Conservation—A Case Study of the Management Platform of the Shanghai Federation of Literary and Art Circles China

“…Digital technologies, including 3D scanning, photogrammetry, and infrared thermal imaging, are adopted in the study of [42], in which the ground subsidence, deformations of walls, moisture distributions, etc., of the Beamless Hall at Linggu Temple in Nanjing are shown using different pseudo-colours. Digital drawings of heritage structures can include more information and be more intuitively readable thanks to graphical surveying and mapping data.…”

“…Digital drawings of heritage structures can include more information and be more intuitively readable thanks to graphical surveying and mapping data. The subsequent step of upgrading the application is to combine 2D information with 3D models to create a methodical and user-friendly data management approach for visual interactions of heritage managers, experts, and tourists [42].…”