High-definition transcranial direct current stimulation of the lateral occipital cortex influences figure-ground perception

Sasia, Brooke; Cacciamani, Laura

doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2021.107792

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…The current density is often set as 1.4 mA cm −2 (the current is 2 mA) for most HD-tDCS studies [ 52 , 53 , 54 ]. Therefore, the constant current anodal polarization tests were performed at 1.43 mA cm −2 , and the plots of electrode potential versus time were also recorded during the first cycle of charging ( Figure 9 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Highly Durable Carbon/Silver/Silver Chloride Composite Electrode for High-Definition Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation

Cao

Duan³

2021

Nanomaterials

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High-definition transcranial direct current stimulation (HD-tDCS) is a promising non-invasive neuromodulation technique, which has been widely used in the clinical intervention and treatment of neurological or psychiatric disorders. Sintered Ag/AgCl electrode has become a preferred candidate for HD-tDCS, but its service life is very short, especially for long-term anodal stimulation. To address this issue, a novel highly durable conductive carbon/silver/silver chloride composite (C/Ag/AgCl) electrode was fabricated by a facile cold rolling method. The important parameters were systematically optimized, including the conductive enhancer, the particle size of Ag powder, the C:Ag:PTFE ratio, the saline concentration, and the active substance loading. The CNT/Ag/AgCl-721 electrode demonstrated excellent specific capacity and cycling performance. Both constant current anodal polarization and simulated tDCS measurement demonstrated that the service life of the CNT/Ag/AgCl-721 electrodes was 15-16 times of that of sintered Ag/AgCl electrodes. The much longer service life can be attributed to the formation of the three-dimensional interpenetrating conductive network with CNT doping, which can maintain a good conductivity and cycling performance even if excessive non-conductive AgCl is accumulated on the surface during long-term anodal stimulation. Considering their low cost, long service life, and good skin tolerance, the proposed CNT/Ag/AgCl electrodes have shown promising application prospects in HD-tDCS, especially for daily life scenarios.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Highly Durable Carbon/Silver/Silver Chloride Composite Electrode for High-Definition Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation

Cao

Duan³

2021

Nanomaterials

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“…In addition, it will be important to replicate our findings and conduct more research on the role of the LOC in alcohol use, given that this area could be a potentially good target for neuromodulation techniques designed to change VTA-cortical circuits. Indeed, neuromodulation techniques have shown promise in targeting the occipital cortex [55][56][57][58][59] and treating maladaptive alcohol and substance use [60,61].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reward neurocircuitry predicts longitudinal changes in alcohol use following trauma exposure

Hinojosa,

van Rooij,

Fani

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Background: Trauma is a risk factor for developing maladaptive alcohol use. Preclinical research has shown that stress alters the processing of midbrain and striatal reward and incentive signals. However, little research has been conducted on alterations in reward-related neurocircuitry post-trauma in humans. Neuroimaging markers may be particularly useful as they can provide insight into the underlying mechanisms that may make an individual more vulnerable to developing trauma-related psychopathologies. This study aimed to identify reward-related neural mechanisms associated with changes in alcohol use after trauma exposure. Methods: Participants were recruited from U.S. emergency departments (ED) for the AURORA study (N=286, 178 female). Trauma-related change in alcohol use at 8 weeks post-trauma relative to pre-trauma was quantified as a change in 30-day total drinking per the PhenX Toolkit Alcohol 30-Day Quantity and Frequency Measure. Reward-related neurocircuitry activation and functional connectivity (FC) were assessed 2 weeks post-trauma using fMRI during a monetary reward task using region of interest and whole-brain voxelwise analyses. Results: Greater increase in alcohol use from pre-trauma to 8 weeks post-trauma was predicted by (1) greater ventral tegmental area (VTA) and (2) greater cerebellum activation during Gain>Loss trials measured 2 weeks post-trauma and (3) greater seed-based FC between the VTA and lateral occipital cortex and precuneus. Conclusions: Altered VTA activation and FC early post-trauma could predict reward-seeking and processing, contributing to greater alcohol use post-trauma. These data provide novel evidence of neural mechanisms that underlie increased alcohol use early post-trauma that can be targeted via early interventions to the development of maladaptive alcohol use.

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“…While it might become clear to participants over time that the displays contained a portion of a familiar object, simply looking for the object named by the label would not be a conducive strategy because (1) the labels were not predictive (50% valid, 50% invalid), (2) participants did not know which portion of an object would be depicted or how that portion would be posed, and (3) the label did not give any location information relevant to the left/right response. Furthermore, previous research has shown that object identification is neither necessary nor sufficient for detecting an object on the familiar configuration side of the border in these displays [ 39 , 40 ]. Therefore, the detection responses indexed via figure assignment are not confounded by identification.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Peterson and Gibson ([ 34 , 35 , 36 ]) previously showed that figures/objects were more likely to be detected on the critical side of the border when bipartite displays were presented such that the object was sketched in its typical upright orientation rather than an inverted orientation (cf. [ 11 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 ]). With the 180° orientation change from upright to inverted, the object configuration changed from typical to atypical whereas the features did not change (e.g., convexities into or out of the critical regions and the degree to which borders are curved versus straight remain constant).…”

Section: The Present Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Participants reported whether they detected an object on the left (L) or right (R) side of the central border. Previous research has shown that object identification is neither necessary nor sufficient for detecting an object on the familiar configuration side of the border in these displays [ 39 , 40 ]. Therefore, the detection responses indexed via figure assignment are not confounded by identification.…”

Section: The Present Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Semantic Expectation Effects on Object Detection: Using Figure Assignment to Elucidate Mechanisms

Skocypec

Peterson

2022

Vision

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Recent evidence suggesting that object detection is improved following valid rather than invalid labels implies that semantics influence object detection. It is not clear, however, whether the results index object detection or feature detection. Further, because control conditions were absent and labels and objects were repeated multiple times, the mechanisms are unknown. We assessed object detection via figure assignment, whereby objects are segmented from backgrounds. Masked bipartite displays depicting a portion of a mono-oriented object (a familiar configuration) on one side of a central border were shown once only for 90 or 100 ms. Familiar configuration is a figural prior. Accurate detection was indexed by reports of an object on the familiar configuration side of the border. Compared to control experiments without labels, valid labels improved accuracy and reduced response times (RTs) more for upright than inverted objects (Studies 1 and 2). Invalid labels denoting different superordinate-level objects (DSC; Study 1) or same superordinate-level objects (SSC; Study 2) reduced accuracy for upright displays only. Orientation dependency indicates that effects are mediated by activated object representations rather than features which are invariant over orientation. Following invalid SSC labels (Study 2), accurate detection RTs were longer than control for both orientations, implicating conflict between semantic representations that had to be resolved before object detection. These results demonstrate that object detection is not just affected by semantics, it entails semantics.

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High-definition transcranial direct current stimulation of the lateral occipital cortex influences figure-ground perception

Cited by 9 publications

References 46 publications

A Novel Highly Durable Carbon/Silver/Silver Chloride Composite Electrode for High-Definition Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation

A Novel Highly Durable Carbon/Silver/Silver Chloride Composite Electrode for High-Definition Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation

Reward neurocircuitry predicts longitudinal changes in alcohol use following trauma exposure

Semantic Expectation Effects on Object Detection: Using Figure Assignment to Elucidate Mechanisms

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