High-Density Linkage Mapping and Identification of Quantitative Trait Loci Associated with Powdery Mildew Resistance in Flowering Dogwood (Cornus florida)

Abstract

Flowering dogwood (Cornus florida L.) is a popular, spring-blooming ornamental tree native to the eastern United States. The species is in general very susceptible to powdery mildew caused by Erysiphe pulchra, which disfigures leaves, decreases growth, and negatively affects flowering. Breeding for resistance has been recognized as an ideal strategy for controlling the disease in C. florida, but efforts have been hindered by the rarity of PM resistance in available germplasm and knowledge of its genetic control. In this study, we mapped quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with PM resistance/tolerance in two full sibling populations segregating for PM response: Rutgers H4AR15P25 (P25) × Rutgers H4AR15R28 (P28) (n = 195) and Rutgers H4AR15R25 × Rutgers H4AR15P35 (P35) (n = 83). High-density genetic linkage maps were constructed for the mapping populations using double digest restriction-site associated DNA sequencing-derived single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and simple sequence repeats (SSRs). The P25 × P28 map consisted of 2265 markers, spanning 1520 cM and 11 linkage groups (LGs) with an average marker spacing of 0.69 cM. The P25 × P35 map was constructed with 1788 markers, spanning 1256 cM and 11 LGs, with an average marker spacing of 0.72 cM. The maps had 604 markers in common and exhibited excellent collinearity. Through multiple QTL model mapping, one major QTL (LOD = 11.36 and R2 = 58.9%) was identified in P25 × P35. Furthermore, a minor QTL (LOD = 3.30 and R2 = 7.8%) was detected in P25 × P28. Due to their proximity onLG3, these QTL may be designating the same locus or tightly linked loci. The negative additive effects of both QTL signify that the PM susceptible male parents were contributing susceptibility alleles to the progeny. This is the first report of QTL associated with PM response on LG3 in C. florida and lays the groundwork for the development of marker-assisted selection for PM resistance in C. florida breeding programs.

Genetic diversity analysis of big-bracted dogwood (Cornus florida and C. kousa) cultivars, interspecific hybrids, and wild-collected accessions using RADseq

“…This genetic diversity may translate into different genetic mechanisms of PM resistance. PM resistance Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) studies have been limited so far, but resistance QTL were found on Chromosome 3 for H4AR15P25 [ 48 ] and on Chromosomes 1, 5, and 9 in two TN breeding program selections (not sampled) [ 73 ]. Genetic diversity in the accessions is not surprising as many of the Appalachian series cultivars were selected from wild-collected seeds sourced from Tennessee, Georgia, and Alabama [ 74 ].…”

“…After the demultiplexing step, two demultiplexed files for C . florida H4AR15P28 and H4AR15P35 were added to the data set from a previous QTL mapping study using the same RADseq protocol [ 48 ]. Reads were aligned to the draft reference genome of C .…”