High‐density lipoproteins in high resolution: Will proteomics solve the paradox for cardiovascular risk?

Abstract

While lipid abnormalities continue to account for over 60% of the population attributable risk for myocardial infarction, the well-known inverse correlation between plasma high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and cardiovascular risk has failed to deliver clinically useful therapeutic interventions. Thus, there is an unmet need to better understand the function of different HDL particles. Targeted, high-resolution lipoproteomics provides an innovative approach to studying the kinetics of HDL particles. In this commentary, we discuss the development of an informatics platform for increased throughput and highlight how this approach delivers the potential for novel, hybrid instrument technologies to inform clinical dyslipidemia studies.

Lipoproteomics: Methodologies and Analysis of Lipoprotein-Associated Proteins along with the Drug Intervention

“…Some proteins such as albumin and prenyl cysteine oxidase (PCYOX1) are responsible for protecting against oxidation by lipoproteins such as LDL and splitting the thioether bond of the prenyl cysteine generating H 2 O 2 , respectively. Also, proteomic studies have identified the apoL-I, PON1, and PAF-AH in small amounts linked to the complexes [25,26].…”

“…The function of many of the proteins that interact with lipoproteins is still unknown. The proteomic analyses have shown that the lipoprotein-associated proteins are involved in cardiovascular risk, immune system, inflammatory processes, among others [7,26]. However, there is no guide for the analysis of lipoproteins at the proteomic level basically because it depends on the biological question to be investigated, and this determines the approach and the methods or tools to be used as well as the technological platform to perform it.…”