High density of keystone herbivore vs. conservation of natural resources: Factors affecting red deer distribution and impact on vegetation in Słowiński National Park, Poland

Borkowski, Jakub; Banul, Rafał; Jurkiewicz, Jolanta; Hołdyński, Czesław; Święczkowska, Justyna; Nasiadko, Maciej; Załuski, Dariusz

doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2019.117503

Cited by 12 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…In these two site types, the groundwater level is high, which is why they are (to a large extent) inaccessible. Therefore, these sites provide favorable security cover for the red deer (Borkowski et al, 2019). In the nearest vicinity of the park, there is a variety of habitat types, including forest areas, meadows, and arable grounds (Figure 1).…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Protected areas are not only a fundamental issue in nature conservation (Naughton-Treves et al, 2005;Watson et al, 2014) but also, due to the lack of hunting, they are often places where large herbivore numbers tend to increase in comparison with the unprotected surroundings (Porter & Underwood, 1999;Wagner, 2006). This increase has been recorded not only in large protected areas like Yellowstone National Park (Wagner, 2006) but also in much smaller parks (Borkowski et al, 2019) such as the majority of European national parks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…In a previous paper (Borkowski et al, 2019), it was demonstrated that the red deer density in the nonhunted Słowiński National Park is high (c.a. 26 ind./100 ha of the forest areas) and 2-to 3-fold higher than that recorded in the adjacent forest hunting areas.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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There is only one winner: The negative impact of red deer density on roe deer numbers and distribution in the Słowiński National Park and its vicinity

Borkowski

Banul

Jurkiewicz-Azab³

et al. 2021

Ecology and Evolution

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Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

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There is only one winner: The negative impact of red deer density on roe deer numbers and distribution in the Słowiński National Park and its vicinity

Borkowski

Banul

Jurkiewicz-Azab³

et al. 2021

Ecology and Evolution

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“…Genetic diversity also depends on the density of individuals. Considering the main porpoise of national parks and increasing red deer density: 23.8; 24.5 and 29.5 ind./100 ha, respectively, in 2015, 2016, and 2017 (Borkowski et al 2019), with a high females ratio specific for NP, we should expect higher genetic differentiation which is not indicated by an analysis of basic genetic data. Currently, the sex ratio is 1:2 in the NP red deer population, however, at rut time, the ratio changed to 1:1.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…The hair roots were harvested from 30 red deer (23 hinds, 7 stags) from the NP, where the density of the red deer (ca. 26 ind./100 ha) is 2-3 times higher than in the surrounding hunting forest districts (Borkowski et al 2019). These animals were attracted to the feeders in winter seasons 2016-2018 and were ring-necked tagged (Geographic Information System; GIS) with sedation (2% xylazine and 10% ketamin, 4 mg/kg of body mass both) to monitor age, condition and gender (Krzysiak & Larska 2014).…”

Section: Animals and Genomic Dna Templatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of conservation and hunting on big game species: comparison of the genetic diversity of the red deer population groups from a national park and neighboring hunting areas in northern Poland

Bieniek-Kobuszewska

Borkowski

Panasiewicz

et al. 2020

The European Zoological Journal

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The conservation of biodiversity and rational use of biological resources should be conducted with a view to population genetics. Thus, the purpose of this study was to compare the genetic diversity of highly distributed red deer groups from Słowiński National Park (NP) and hunting areas (HA) in northern Poland using 10 dinucleotide microsatellites. In 254 animals, 112 alleles were observed with a high allelic number (N A = 7-15). The NP and HA groups showed high mean heterozygosity (H o = 0.548 ± 0.-063-0.613 ± 0.061) compared to other deer populations in Europe, although a slight decrease in heterozygosity and an increase in inbreeding was identified in NP, compared to HA. A high level of intra-group and a low level of inter-group genetic differentiation was found, which was supported by a high level of gene flow between NP and HA. Structure analysis revealed two genetic clusters (NP and HA) within the population. The HA cluster was distinguished by numerous private alleles, although the NP cluster was distinguished by a high frequency of two private alleles. These study results show that unhunted conservation areas may affect red deer density without increasing genetic diversity whereas hunting does not seem to have a negative impact on deer genetic diversity. This study affirms the anthropogenic impact on the red deer groups in both NP and HA. Ongoing monitoring of the red deer population with an effective sampling strategy is recommended.

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Effects of stand structure and ungulates on understory vegetation in managed and unmanaged forests

Chevaux

Mårell

Baltzinger

et al. 2022

Ecological Applications

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Conventional conservation policies in Europe notably rely on the passive restoration of natural forest dynamics by setting aside forest areas to preserve forest biodiversity. However, since forest reserves cover only a small proportion of the territory, conservation policies also require complementary conservation efforts in managed forests in order to achieve the biodiversity targets set up in the Convention on Biological Diversity. Conservation measures also raise the question of large herbivore management in and around set‐asides, particularly regarding their impact on understory vegetation. Although many studies have separately analyzed the effects of forest management, management abandonment, and ungulate pressure on forest biodiversity, their joint effects have rarely been studied in a correlative framework. We studied 212 plots located in 15 strict forest reserves paired with adjacent managed forests in European France. We applied structural equation models to test the effects of management abandonment, stand structure, and ungulate pressure on the abundance, species richness, and diversity of herbaceous vascular plants and terricolous bryophytes. We showed that stand structure indices and plot‐level browsing pressure had direct and opposite effects on herbaceous vascular plant species diversity; these effects were linked with the light tolerance of the different species groups. Increasing canopy cover had an overall negative effect on herbaceous vascular plant abundance and species diversity. The effect was two to three times greater in magnitude than the positive effects of browsing pressure on herbaceous plants diversity. On the other hand, a high stand density index had a positive effect on the species richness and diversity of bryophytes, while browsing had no effect. Forest management abandonment had few direct effects on understory plant communities, and mainly indirectly affected herbaceous vascular plant and bryophyte abundance and species richness and diversity through changes in vertical stand structure. Our results show that conservation biologists should rely on foresters and hunters to lead the preservation of understory vegetation communities in managed forests since, respectively, they manipulate stand structure and regulate ungulate pressure. Their management actions should be adapted to the taxa at stake, since bryophytes and vascular plants respond differently to stand and ungulate factors.

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High density of keystone herbivore vs. conservation of natural resources: Factors affecting red deer distribution and impact on vegetation in Słowiński National Park, Poland

Cited by 12 publications

References 45 publications

There is only one winner: The negative impact of red deer density on roe deer numbers and distribution in the Słowiński National Park and its vicinity

There is only one winner: The negative impact of red deer density on roe deer numbers and distribution in the Słowiński National Park and its vicinity

Impact of conservation and hunting on big game species: comparison of the genetic diversity of the red deer population groups from a national park and neighboring hunting areas in northern Poland

Effects of stand structure and ungulates on understory vegetation in managed and unmanaged forests

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