High-density optrode-electrode neural probe using SixNy photonics for in vivo optogenetics

Hoffman, Luis; Welkenhuysen, Marleen; Andrei, Alexandra; Musa, Silke; Luo, Zhenxiang; Libbrecht, Sarah; Severi, S.; Soussan, Philippe; Baekelandt, Veerle; Haesler, Sebastian; Gielen, Georges; Puers, Robert; Braeken, Dries

doi:10.1109/iedm.2015.7409795

Cited by 17 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The light source is external to the brain and is coupled via a waveguide probe to the target brain region. 21 , 22 This allows for excellent spatial and temporal control of light patterns and each excitation point can illuminate a relatively large volume of tissue (

, suitable for primate behavioral studies). However, a significant drawback is the complicated and bulky optics required to couple light into the device.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multisite microLED optrode array for neural interfacing

et al. 2019

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We present an electrically addressable optrode array capable of delivering light to 181 sites in the brain, each providing sufficient light to optogenetically excite thousands of neurons in vivo, developed with the aim to allow behavioral studies in large mammals. The device is a glass microneedle array directly integrated with a custom fabricated microLED device, which delivers light to 100 needle tips and 81 interstitial surface sites, giving two-level optogenetic excitation of neurons in vivo. Light delivery and thermal properties are evaluated, with the device capable of peak irradiances >80 mW∕mm 2 per needle site. The device consists of an array of 181 80 μm × 80 μm 2 microLEDs, fabricated on a 150-μm-thick GaN-on-sapphire wafer, coupled to a glass needle array on a 150-μm thick backplane. A pinhole layer is patterned on the sapphire side of the microLED array to reduce stray light. Future designs are explored through optical and thermal modeling and benchmarked against the current device.

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, suitable for primate behavioral studies). However, a significant drawback is the complicated and bulky optics required to couple light into the device.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multisite microLED optrode array for neural interfacing

et al. 2019

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“…To prevent mechanical damage, the device should be as small as possible, while providing sufficient light to the target deep brain structures. For this purpose, multiple solutions have been proposed: for example, novel probe designs or adaptations of high-density fiber arrays (Zorzos et al, 2010 ; Han, 2012 ; Ozden et al, 2013 ; Hoffman et al, 2015 ).…”

Section: Biocompatibility Issuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Optogenetics also offers the possibility to work with cells other than neurons (Cho et al, 2016 ). Systems combining optic simulation and electrical recording have been developed (Wang et al, 2012 ; Rubehn et al, 2013 ; Hoffman et al, 2015 , 2016 ; Naughton et al, 2016 ; Segev et al, 2017 ). Targets have not been limited to the brain and include the spinal cord and peripheral nerves (VNS for epilepsy and depression, motor nerves for various palsies, hypoglossal nerve for sleep apnoea and many more).…”

Section: Neuromodulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

And Then There Was Light: Perspectives of Optogenetics for Deep Brain Stimulation and Neuromodulation

et al. 2017

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Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) has evolved into a well-accepted add-on treatment for patients with severe Parkinsons disease as well as for other chronic neurological conditions. The focal action of electrical stimulation can yield better responses and it exposes the patient to fewer side effects compared to pharmaceuticals distributed throughout the body toward the brain. On the other hand, the current practice of DBS is hampered by the relatively coarse level of neuromodulation achieved. Optogenetics, in contrast, offers the perspective of much more selective actions on the various physiological structures, provided that the stimulated cells are rendered sensitive to the action of light. Optogenetics has experienced tremendous progress since its first in vivo applications about 10 years ago. Recent advancements of viral vector technology for gene transfer substantially reduce vector-associated cytotoxicity and immune responses. This brings about the possibility to transfer this technology into the clinic as a possible alternative to DBS and neuromodulation. New paths could be opened toward a rich panel of clinical applications. Some technical issues still limit the long term use in humans but realistic perspectives quickly emerge. Despite a rapid accumulation of observations about patho-physiological mechanisms, it is still mostly serendipity and empiric adjustments that dictate clinical practice while more efficient logically designed interventions remain rather exceptional. Interestingly, it is also very much the neuro technology developed around optogenetics that offers the most promising tools to fill in the existing knowledge gaps about brain function in health and disease. The present review examines Parkinson's disease and refractory epilepsy as use cases for possible optogenetic stimulation therapies.

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“…Moreover, in the context of closed-loop optogenetic experiments, recording electrodes must be integrated on an optical neural probe to enable simultaneous electrical recording and optical stimulation. Recently, optoelectronic probes using either integrated μLEDs or passive optical waveguides have been introduced to enable light delivery in deep tissue (Kim et al, 2013; McAlinden et al, 2013; Wu et al, 2013; Hoffman et al, 2015; Schwaerzle et al, 2017; Shin et al, 2017; Noh et al, 2018; Zhao et al, 2018). Probes based on μLED arrays can potentially provide a higher device density for individual optical output ports.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Density, Double-Sided, Flexible Optoelectronic Neural Probes With Embedded μLEDs

et al. 2019

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Optical stimulation and imaging of neurons deep in the brain require implantable optical neural probes. External optical access to deeper regions of the brain is limited by scattering and absorption of light as it propagates through tissue. Implantable optoelectronic probes capable of high-resolution light delivery and high-density neural recording are needed for closed-loop manipulation of neural circuits. Micro-light-emitting diodes (μLEDs) have been used for optical stimulation, but predominantly on rigid silicon or sapphire substrates. Flexible polymer neural probes would be preferable for chronic applications since they cause less damage to brain tissue. Flexible μLED neural probes have been recently implemented by flip-chip bonding of commercially available μLED chips onto flexible substrates. Here, we demonstrate a monolithic design for flexible optoelectronic neural interfaces with embedded gallium nitride μLEDs that can be microfabricated at wafer-scale. Parylene C is used as the substrate and insulator due to its biocompatibility, compliance, and optical transparency. We demonstrate one-dimensional and two-dimensional individually-addressable μLED arrays. Our μLEDs have sizes as small as 22 × 22 μm in arrays of up to 32 μLEDs per probe shank. These devices emit blue light at a wavelength of 445 nm, suitable for stimulation of channelrhodopsin-2, with output powers greater than 200 μW at 2 mA. Our flexible optoelectronic probes are double-sided and can illuminate brain tissue from both sides. Recording electrodes are co-fabricated with μLEDs on the front- and backside of the optoelectronic probes for electrophysiology recording of neuronal activity from the volumes of tissue on the front- and backside simultaneously with bi-directional optical stimulation.

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High-density optrode-electrode neural probe using SixNy photonics for in vivo optogenetics

Cited by 17 publications

References 7 publications

Multisite microLED optrode array for neural interfacing

Multisite microLED optrode array for neural interfacing

And Then There Was Light: Perspectives of Optogenetics for Deep Brain Stimulation and Neuromodulation

High Density, Double-Sided, Flexible Optoelectronic Neural Probes With Embedded μLEDs

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