High-density polyethylene/graphene oxide nanocomposites prepared via in situ polymerization: Morphology, thermal, and electrical properties

Cruz-Aguilar, Antonio; Navarro-Rodríguez, Dámaso; Pérez‐Camacho, Odilia; Fernández, Salvador; Gallardo-Vega, Carlos; García-Zamora, Maricela; Barriga-Castro, Enrique Díaz

doi:10.1016/j.mtcomm.2018.06.003

Cited by 33 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…Many studies have reported the benefits of adding graphene and its derivatives in the PE matrix to reinforce the thermal, electrical, and mechanical properties of the PE matrix. However, several reports have been reported on the preparation method of PE/graphene nanocomposites [ 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 ], the improvement in the interfacial interaction between PE-functionalized GNPs [ 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 ], the dispersion and alignment of graphene in the composite samples [ 20 , 21 ], and the construction of the hybrid network structures of graphene with other conductive fillers [ 10 , 22 , 23 ]. Although the GNPs size is an important factor, only a few works have studied the GNP’s size effect on the mechanical properties of High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE) nanocomposites [ 24 , 25 , 26 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Graphene Platelet Aspect Ratio on the Mechanical Properties of HDPE Nanocomposites: Microscopic Observation and Micromechanical Modeling

et al. 2020

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A series of high-density polyethylene nanocomposites filled with different diameter sizes (5, 15, and 25 μm) of graphene nanoplatelets at various amounts (0.5–5 wt.%) are prepared by the melt-mixing method. The effect of diameter size and filler content on the mechanical properties is reported, and the results are discussed in terms of morphology and the state of dispersion within the polymer matrix. The measured stiffness and strength of the nanocomposites were found to be mainly influenced by the filler aspect ratio and the filler-matrix adhesion. Fractography was utilized to study the embrittleness of the nanocomposites, and the observations revealed that a ductile to brittle transition is caused by a micro-deformation mechanism change in the nanocomposites. Several micromechanical models for the prediction of mechanical properties of nanocomposites, taking into consideration filler aspect ratio, percolation effect, and interphase regions, are considered. The three-phase model proposed by Ji accurately predicts the stiffness of graphene nanoplatelets with a higher diameter size, while Takayanagi modified model II was found to show good agreement with the experimental results of smaller ones at low filler content. This study demonstrates that the diameter size of the filler plays a central role in determining the mechanical properties.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Graphene Platelet Aspect Ratio on the Mechanical Properties of HDPE Nanocomposites: Microscopic Observation and Micromechanical Modeling

et al. 2020

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“…Finally, the GO was filtered and washed four times with distilled water until a neutral pH, and then dried in an oven at 80°C for 72 hours. [ 26 ] Figure 2 presents a scheme following the preparation of GO.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Finally, the product was filtered and washed three times with distilled water and dried in an oven at 80°C for 24 hours. [ 26 ]…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Graphene Oxide and Vermiculite Clay Combinations to Produce Enhanced Flame Retardant Polypropylene Composite with Low Magnesium Hydroxide Loading

Amador‐Noya¹,

Sánchez-Valdés²,

Valle³

et al. 2020

Vinyl Additive Technology

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The effect of graphene oxide (GO) functionalized with 3‐amino‐propyl‐triethoxy‐silane(APTS), organo‐vermiculite(OVMT), and magnesium hydroxide (MH) combinations on mechanical, thermal, and flame retardant (FR) properties of polypropylene (PP) was studied. GO was obtained via a slight modification of the Hummers method and then chemically surface functionalized with APTS. VMT clay was modified with maleic anhydride (MA) via a chemical reaction with acetic acid to increase its inter‐laminar spacing. The results of Fourier‐transform infrared analysis, X‐ray diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy demonstrated that APTS had been successfully attached to the GO and that VMT was modified with MA. Subsequently, each functionalized filler was incorporated in combination with MH to the flame‐retardant‐polypropylene system. The performance of PP composites with each filler as well as with their combinations, including a reduced “30 wt% of MH” were compared with the reference PP composite with 55 wt% of MH as the only FR additive. PP grafted with MA (PP‐gMA) and PP grafted with amine‐alcohol(PP‐gDMAE) were used as compatibilizer agents between each filler and the polymer matrix. The results obtained confirmed a better mechanical and FR performance when using PP‐gDMAE. Composites with 30 wt% MH combined with very low contents of GO (0.5 and 1.0 wt%) showed improved FR properties, similar to the reference sample, with an evident reduction in peak of the heat release rate (pHRR) and total heat release and increased limiting oxygen index (LOI) values. The combination of MH and GO showed the best FR and mechanical properties: LOI of 22.5% and pHRR of 540 kW/m2 which were very similar to the reference sample. In addition, PP‐gDMAE improved the OVMT exfoliation with a slight increase in the intergallery spacing but OVMT and modified GO combinations did not significantly improve the FR and mechanical properties compared with the effect of MH and modified GO combinations. The combination of MH and modified GO makes it possible to reduce the total MH filler content from 55 to 30 wt% to accomplish the FR requirements and with enhanced mechanical properties. This filler combination promoted the formation of a continuous, intact residual char layer on the PP surface, which acts as an insulating barrier to protect the base material. These filler combinations offer an option to meet the FR properties using halogen‐free FR with better mechanical properties.

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“…Van Krevelen et al [2] provide diffusion coefficients for pure HDPE or epoxy, but solely for CO2, O2 or N2 gases. Moreover, diffusion coefficients of polymers are obtained through very lengthy experiments, and they are dispersive in nature, depending on the actual polymer structure and/or filler minerals [2,3]. In this research, we investigate both scenarii for H2 presence in contact with polymer membranes, by subjecting samples either to a concentration gradient, or to a pressure gradient of hydrogen.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen diffusion through polymer membranes

et al. 2020

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This experimental study determines H2 transfer properties of High Density PolyEthylene (HDPE) or epoxy membranes. Two different techniques are compared. The pressure gradient technique is analyzed for permeability or diffusion. Results show that the main phenomenon involved is diffusion. The second technique involves a gas concentration gradient. Although implying significantly slower kinetics, this classical technique is consistent with results obtained with the faster pressure gradient technique.

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High-density polyethylene/graphene oxide nanocomposites prepared via in situ polymerization: Morphology, thermal, and electrical properties

Cited by 33 publications

References 69 publications

Influence of Graphene Platelet Aspect Ratio on the Mechanical Properties of HDPE Nanocomposites: Microscopic Observation and Micromechanical Modeling

Influence of Graphene Platelet Aspect Ratio on the Mechanical Properties of HDPE Nanocomposites: Microscopic Observation and Micromechanical Modeling

Graphene Oxide and Vermiculite Clay Combinations to Produce Enhanced Flame Retardant Polypropylene Composite with Low Magnesium Hydroxide Loading

Hydrogen diffusion through polymer membranes

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