High dielectric constant poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene-chlorofluoroethylene) for capacitive pressure and bending sensors

Pereira, Nélson; Gonçalves, Sérgio; Barbosa, João C.; Gonçalves, Renato Ferreira; Tubío, Carmen R.; Vilas-Vilela, José Luis; Costa, Carlos M.; Lanceros‐Méndez, S.

doi:10.1016/j.polymer.2020.123349

Cited by 22 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…As expected, these values are lower than the sensitivities of previously reported sensors based on porous materials coated with PANI [ 5,69,70 ] or multilayer fibrous structures coated with PANI‐nanospines; [ 8 ] notwithstanding, they are comparable to bulk piezoresistive pressure sensors filled with CNT. [ 7,64,71 ] These results demonstrate that additive manufacturing processes can be employed to design 3D printed materials for sensor applications. Even though the sensitivity is lower compared to foams, the sensitivity and linearity are compatible with a wide range of applications.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 87%

Flexible 3D Printed Acrylic Composites based on Polyaniline/Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes for Piezoresistive Pressure Sensors

Arias-Ferreiro

Lasagabáster-Latorre

Ares‐Pernas

et al. 2022

Adv Elect Materials

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The development of tunable UV‐curable polymeric composites for functional applications, taking into consideration environmental issues and additive manufacturing technologies, is a research topic with relevant challenges yet to be solved. Herein, acrylic composites filled with 0–3 wt.%. polyaniline/ multiwalled carbon nanotubes (PANI/MWCNT) are prepared by Digital Light Processing (DLP) in order to tailor morphology, thermal, mechanical, and electromechanical properties. Viscosity, real‐time infrared spectroscopy, and cure depth tests allow optimizing resin composition for suitable DLP printing. 2 wt.% is the maximum filler content reproducibly embedded in the polymer matrix. The advantages of PANI/MWCNT (50/50 wt.%) compared with single‐component composites include safety issues, enhanced printability, increased electrical conductivity and thermal stability, and lower electrical percolation threshold (0.83 wt.%). Above this threshold the composites display excellent piezoresistive response, no hysteresis, and stability for over 400 compression cycles. The pressure sensibility (PS) of 2 wt.% composites decreases with applied pressure from PS ≈ 15 to 0.8 Mpa−1 for maximum pressures of 0.02 and 0.57 MPa, respectively. A proof‐of‐concept of the functionality of the novel materials is developed in the form of a tactile sensor, demonstrating their potential for pressure sensing applications as cost‐effective, sustainable, and flexible materials for printed electronics.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 87%

Flexible 3D Printed Acrylic Composites based on Polyaniline/Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes for Piezoresistive Pressure Sensors

Arias-Ferreiro

Lasagabáster-Latorre

Ares‐Pernas

et al. 2022

Adv Elect Materials

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“…Furthermore, the transducer developed showed a sensitivity comparable to related sensors based on (PVDF‐TrFE‐CFE) films [ 18 ] or electrospun PVDF nanofiber membrane with carbon nanotubes, [ 75 ] but with the advantage that their manufacture using 3D printing is simpler and faster, in addition to being more ecological. Nonetheless, several capacitive pressure sensors with high sensitivity have been reported recently based on porous materials and complicated designs of structure.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ 16 ] Capacitive pressure sensors attract higher interest compared to other types of sensors such as resistive or piezoelectric ones due to their simple structure, low fabrication costs and low power consumption. [ 17–19 ] A capacitive pressure sensor consists of a dielectric layer placed between two parallel electrodes. There are several application modes of those sensors; one of the most implemented includes the variation of the thickness of the sensor dielectric layer under an applied force, leading to the variation of the capacitance of the sensor.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photocurable Printed Piezocapacitive Pressure Sensor Based on an Acrylic Resin Modified with Polyaniline and Lignin

Arias-Ferreiro

Ares‐Pernas

Lasagabáster-Latorre

et al. 2022

Adv Materials Technologies

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In this context, dielectric polymeric materials are being investigated due to their scientific and technological interest since they combine dielectric properties with appropriate mechanical flexibility and simple processability. [2,3] Such composite materials show huge opportunities to be integrated in devices such as electronics, [4][5][6] sensors and actuators. [7] Within this context, additive manufacturing emerges as a set of advanced fabrication techniques that enable the production of fully functional electronic devices in one step printing. [1,[8][9][10] However, for photopolymerization-based 3D printing techniques the number of UV curable materials suitable for the fabrication of sensors and actuators is still scarce. [1] Research in this field pursues 3D printing materials with new features but also environmentally more friendly and sustainable, as demanded by today's society. [11][12][13] Techniques as stereolithography (SLA) and digital light processing (DLP) are based on the layer-by-layer solidification of a liquid photosensitive resin via UV-light exposure. [14] This is a tailorable process where multicomponent resins provide the photo-rheological and mechanical properties necessary to ensure a successful print. [15] The design of suitable materials for the manufacture of pressure sensors with high sensitivity and flexibility in wearable electronics is still a challenge. In this study, a flexible and portable pressure sensor is developed based on a photopolymeric formulation of polyaniline (PANI)/Lignin/acrylate. The amount of photoinitiator and the presence of lignin within the filler are investigated to obtain the best printability and capacitive response. Low PANI contents drastically increase the dielectric constant and 4 wt% photoinitiator improves the signal and sensitivity. A sensitivity of 0.012 kPa -1 is achieved in a linear range (0-10 kPa) with only 3.5 wt% PANI. Lignin improves both the dispersion of the filler within the matrix and the printability of the resin, due to lower absorptivity at the UV wavelength of the 3D printer. Thus, the PANI-Lignin filler is selected for the fabrication of a piezocapacitive prototype transducer. The pressure transducer demonstrate its practical application by responding to a human footfall and transmitting its corresponding electrical signal. This study shows the enhanced properties of lignin modified PANI acrylate composites. Based on lignin, an abundant natural waste, a sustainable photocurable cost-effective polymer is proposed for the fabrication of printable, wearable electronics.

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“…The microcontroller measures the time the capacitive sample takes to charge. First, the microcontroller connects the D2 pin to the ground, discharging the sensor, and then, the D2 pin waits for the logic level to be high as Pin D7 is set to V CC . When D2 detects the high logic level, the microcontroller measures the time since the beginning of the charging of the capacitive sample.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multifunctional Ternary Composites with Silver Nanowires and Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles for Capacitive Sensing and Photocatalytic Self-Cleaning Applications

Tubío

Pereira

Campos-Arias

et al. 2022

ACS Appl. Electron. Mater.

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Multifunctional polymer composites are of increasing interest as they allow tuning of physical–chemical properties for specific applications. A ternary composite material is presented based on the incorporation of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles and conductive silver nanowires (AgNWs) into a poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) polymer matrix. The films were prepared by solvent casting, varying the contents of the filler up to 10 wt %, and showed improved mechanical and dielectric responses and tailorable optical properties. In contrast, the morphology, polymer phase, and thermal stability are nearly independent of the filler type and content within the composite. A dielectric constant of up to 14 at 1 kHz was obtained for the 7.5%AgNWs/2.5%TiO2/PVDF sample. The (multi)functionality of the developed materials is demonstrated for photocatalytic self-cleaning and capacitive sensing applications, indicating the suitability of the approach for next-generation hybrid multifunctional materials.

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High dielectric constant poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene-chlorofluoroethylene) for capacitive pressure and bending sensors

Cited by 22 publications

References 61 publications

Flexible 3D Printed Acrylic Composites based on Polyaniline/Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes for Piezoresistive Pressure Sensors

Flexible 3D Printed Acrylic Composites based on Polyaniline/Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes for Piezoresistive Pressure Sensors

Photocurable Printed Piezocapacitive Pressure Sensor Based on an Acrylic Resin Modified with Polyaniline and Lignin

Multifunctional Ternary Composites with Silver Nanowires and Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles for Capacitive Sensing and Photocatalytic Self-Cleaning Applications

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