High Dietary Linoleic Acid Affects the Fatty Acid Compositions of Individual Phospholipids from Tissues of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar): Association with Stress Susceptibility and Cardiac Lesion

Bell, J.G.; McVicar, A. H.; Park, M. T.; Sargent, J. R.

doi:10.1093/jn/121.8.1163

Cited by 191 publications

(94 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…and decrease EPA and DHA levels in liver polar lipids in salmon smolts (Bell et al, 1991(Bell et al, ,1993. In the present trial, feeding salmon parr the rapeseed/linseed oil (VO) diet (rich in both 18:2n-6 and 18:3n-3) increased the levels of 18:2n-6 and total n-6PUFA but not AA, and increased 18:3n-3 but decreased DHA in both Atlantic salmon and brown trout.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatocyte fatty acid desaturation and polyunsaturated fatty acid composition of liver in salmonids: effects of dietary vegetable oil

Tocher

Bell

MacGlaughlin

et al. 2001

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Biochemistry an

138

106

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Abbreviations: AA, arachidonic acid; BHT, butylated hydroxytoluene; DHA, docosahexaenoic acid; EFA, essential fatty acid; EPA, eicosapentaenoic acid; FAF-BSA, fatty acid free bovine serum albumin; FO, fish oil; HBSS, Hanks balanced salt solution; HUFA, highly unsaturated fatty acids acids (carbon chain length ≥ C 20 with ≥ 3 double bonds); PL, polar lipid; PUFA, polyunsaturated fatty acids; VO, vegetable oil; TLC, thin-layer chromatography. 2 AbstractThe desaturation and elongation of [1-14 C]18:3n-3 was investigated in hepatocytes from different populations and three different species of salmonids indigenous to Scotland, brown trout, Atlantic salmon and Arctic charr. Two groups of fish were sampled, before and after they were fed two experimental diets, a control diet containing fish oil and a diet containing vegetable oil (a 1:1 blend of linseed oil and rapeseed oil) for 12 weeks. At each sampling time, fatty acyl desaturation and elongation activity was determined in isolated hepatocytes and samples of liver were also collected for lipid compositional analysis. At the initiation of the dietary trial, the liver polar lipid fatty acid compositions of salmon and brown trout were very similar to each other, and the two charr populations were similar to each other having lower total n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and 22:6n-3, but higher 20:5n-3 than the other salmonids. Initially, hepatocyte desaturation activity varied with the highest activity in brown trout followed by salmon then charr. Production of 20:5n-3 was particularly high in brown trout. Desaturation of [1-14 C]18:3n-3 was significantly greater in all fish fed the diet containing vegetable oil compared to fish fed the diet containing fish oil. The increase in activity was less in brown trout compared to the other groups of fish. Feeding the vegetable oil diet increased the levels of 18:2n-6, 20:3n-6, total n-6PUFA, 18:3n-3, 18:4n-3, 20:3n-3 and 20:4n-3, and decreased 22:6n-3 and the n-3/n-6 ratio in salmon and brown trout. By contrast, in charr fed the vegetable oil diet, there was no increase in 18:3n-3, 18:4n-3, 20:3n-3 or 20:4n-3 in liver polar lipid and the level of 22:6n-3 was not decreased. In addition, there was only a modest increase in the levels of 18:2n-6 and total n-6PUFA and so the n-3/n-6 ratio was only slightly decreased. The percentage of 20:4n-6, which was not increased in salmon and brown trout fed vegetable oil, was increased in charr fed the vegetable oil diet. Overall, the results indicated that there were significant differences in liver PUFA metabolism between Arctic charr and the other salmonids that could have important consequences, both physiologically and in their ability to be successfully cultured on diets containing vegetable oils.Running title: PUFA composition and desaturation in salmonids.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatocyte fatty acid desaturation and polyunsaturated fatty acid composition of liver in salmonids: effects of dietary vegetable oil

Tocher

Bell

MacGlaughlin

et al. 2001

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Biochemistry an

138

106

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“…It is now known [4,7] that diets with an over high ratio of n-6/n-3 PUFA could exaggerate stress response in fish broodstock leading to cardiac pathologies. The involvement of essential fatty acids in broodstock fish and developing eggs and larvae and their fundamental involvement in stress reactions demands consideration of what constitutes an optimal or even desirable dietary ratio of n-6/ n-3 PUFA in broodstock.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of dietary supplementation of fatty acids and vitamins on the breeding performance of the carp Catla catla

et al. 2001

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-Five isonitrogenous diets (∼33% crude protein) were fed to the brood female carp, Catla catla (weighing 3.0 to 5.5 kg), for a period of 93 days in order to observe their breeding performance in earthen ponds. Diet-I (control) contained only basic ingredients like rice bran, groundnut oil cake, roasted soybean meal, fish meal and mineral mixture; diet-II contained added vitamins; diet-III contained added vitamins and vegetable oil (rich in n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, PUFA); diet-IV contained added vitamins and fish oil (rich in n-3 PUFA); and diet-V contained added vitamins and a mixture of vegetable and fish oils. The results showed that nutritional quality of the diet considerably influenced breeding performance in the species. The total number of matured females was the highest in the diet-V group and maturity was advanced by 35 days in this group compared to the control. In diet-III and diet-V groups, all the maturated females bred fully and the relative fecundity was increased significantly in diet III, IV and V. The maximum (73.4%) fertilisation rate was observed in the diet-V group, followed by 61.3%, 56.8%, 49% and 22.7% in diet-I, diet-IV, diet-III and diet-II groups respectively. Most of the eggs in the diet-II treatment group remained immature. The various data thus obtained suggest that dietary supplementation of both n-3 and n-6 PUFA, is essential to improve gonadal maturation, breeding performance and spawn recovery in the Catla female broodstock. diet / fatty acid / broodstock / breeding performance / Catla Reprod. Nutr. Dev. 41 (2001) 365-375 365

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“…Similar other trials with Atlantic salmon have shown that substitution of FO with SFO does not significantly affect growth (Bell et al, 1991(Bell et al, , 1996. However, Thompson et al (1966) found in two similar trials with Atlantic salmon that when SFO was used as the primary oil source, the experimental fish either grew significantly less or the same as those fed diet containing FO.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Attempts have been made at partially substituting or replacing fish oils with vegetable oils (Bell et al (1991(Bell et al ( , 1996, Bransden et al, 2003. ) Fish oil substitution must however be done such that the product quality in terms of long chain n-3 poly unsaturated fatty and (PUFA) content as well as the eating quality are not diminished.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of palm oil in the diet of the African mudfish, Clarias gariepinus

Olurin¹,

Akinyemi²,

Obe³

et al. 2004

Afr. J. Biotechnol.

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This study was conducted to investigate the effect of the substitution of fish oil with palm oil in the diet of Clarias gariepinus fingerlings over a 49 day period. Four diets were prepared with fish oil substituted with palm oil at 0% (control Diet 1), 25% (Diet 2), 50% (Diet 3) and 100% (Diet-4), using a completely randomised block design. Mortality was observed in all the treatments, while fish fed with 100% palm oil were most sluggish in accepting their feeds. Average weight gained, specific growth rate and feed conversion efficiency were not significantly affected by diet. It was concluded that palm oil can be substituted for fish oil in the diet of C. gariepinus.

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High Dietary Linoleic Acid Affects the Fatty Acid Compositions of Individual Phospholipids from Tissues of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar): Association with Stress Susceptibility and Cardiac Lesion

Cited by 191 publications

References 23 publications

Hepatocyte fatty acid desaturation and polyunsaturated fatty acid composition of liver in salmonids: effects of dietary vegetable oil

Hepatocyte fatty acid desaturation and polyunsaturated fatty acid composition of liver in salmonids: effects of dietary vegetable oil

Effect of dietary supplementation of fatty acids and vitamins on the breeding performance of the carp Catla catla

Use of palm oil in the diet of the African mudfish, Clarias gariepinus

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