High Diversity of β-Glucosidase-Producing Bacteria and Their Genes Associated with Scleractinian Corals

Abstract

β-Glucosidase is a microbial cellulose multienzyme that plays an important role in the regulation of the entire cellulose hydrolysis process, which is the rate-limiting step in bacterial carbon cycling in marine environments. Despite its importance in coral reefs, the diversity of β-glucosidase-producing bacteria, their genes, and enzymatic characteristics are poorly understood. In this study, 87 β-glucosidase-producing cultivable bacteria were screened from 6 genera of corals. The isolates were assigned to 21 genera, distributed among three groups: Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Actinobacteria. In addition, metagenomics was used to explore the genetic diversity of bacterial β-glucosidase enzymes associated with scleractinian corals, which revealed that these enzymes mainly belong to the glycosidase hydrolase family 3 (GH3). Finally, a novel recombinant β-glucosidase, referred to as Mg9373, encompassing 670 amino acids and a molecular mass of 75.2 kDa, was classified as a member of the GH3 family and successfully expressed and characterized. Mg9373 exhibited excellent tolerance to ethanol, NaCl, and glucose. Collectively, these results suggest that the diversity of β-glucosidase-producing bacteria and genes associated with scleractinian corals is high and novel, indicating great potential for applications in the food industry and agriculture.

Shotgun Metagenomic Analyses of Microbial Assemblages in the Aquatic Ecosystem of Winam Gulf of Lake Victoria, Kenya Reveals Multiclass Pollution

“…The most relative abundance genes in CAZyme were the GH, followed by GT, then CBM, and then CE, and AA and Pl were the least abundance. The above results were found to agree with previous studies [68,69]. The GH comprises a large group of enzymes responsible for polysaccharide metabolism such as chitin, cellulose, xylan and starch [70].…”

Use of a purified β‐glucosidase from coral‐associated microorganisms to enhance wine aroma

“…In September 2017, coral fragments (approximately 10 × 10 cm 2 ) were collected from seven healthy corals using a hammer and punch at a depth of 2–10 m. The collected samples were gently washed with sterile seawater and placed in sterile plastic bags. All samples were stored at low temperatures (0–4 °C) to reduce mucus secretion and were immediately transported to the laboratory for bacterial isolation according to our previous research 31 . Subsequently, pure strains were transferred to screening plates (dextrose marmite agar solid plates supplemented with 0.05% esculin) and incubated at 28 °C until a dark zone appeared surrounding the colony border.…”

“…All samples were stored at low temperatures (0-4 °C) to reduce mucus secretion and were immediately transported to the laboratory for bacterial isolation according to our previous research. 31 Subsequently, pure strains were transferred to screening plates (dextrose marmite agar solid plates supplemented with 0.05% esculin) and incubated at 28 °C until a dark zone appeared surrounding the colony border. The positive colonies were separately cultured in dextrose marmite without agar at 28 °C and then mixed together for extraction of the total genomic DNA, according to the reported method with minor modifications.…”

β‐glucosidase, driven by porcine transthyretin promoter, specific expression in the liver of transgenic mice

“…Fibrolytic enzymes are a system of three different enzymes, namely, endoglucanase, exoglucanase, and β-glucosidase (Srivastava et al, 2019). β-glucosidase is the final enzyme in fiber degradation, which decides the rate of the total conversion of fiber into glucose (Harhangi et al, 2002;Su et al, 2021;Zhang et al, 2019).…”

“…Fibrolytic enzymes are a system of three different enzymes, namely, endoglucanase, exoglucanase, and β‐glucosidase (Srivastava et al, 2019). β‐glucosidase is the final enzyme in fiber degradation, which decides the rate of the total conversion of fiber into glucose (Harhangi et al, 2002; Su et al, 2021; Zhang et al, 2019). Therefore, the digestibility of fiber might be improved by introducing the β‐glucosidase gene ( BGL ) into swine with stable and efficient expression through biotechnological methods.…”