High dose chlorambucil versus Binet's modified cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone regimen in the treatment of patients with advanced B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia

Gene network analysis of oxidative stress-mediated drug sensitivity in resistant ovarian carcinoma cells

“…In fact, preliminary results show that siRNA knockdown in resistant cells increases the sensitivity of resistant cells (data not shown). Nevertheless, low doses (100 mM) of Cbl (15 mg daily 56 or 0.1 mg kg À1 body weight for 4 days 57 is mostly used in patients) with very low doses (10 ng ml À1 , 0.0026 U ml À1 ; for cytotoxicity, it is generally used in high doses such as 0.1-1 U ml À1 58 and in rat hepatocytes 0.4 U ml À1 59 ) of COS are useful for increasing drug sensitivity in A2780 ovarian carcinoma cells. Successful potential application of COS in conjunction with Cbl may hold potential for inhibition of tumor progression and can be tested in a mouse model for subsequent development of chemotherapy of ovarian cancer.…”

Fludarabine and cyclophosphamide using an attenuated dose schedule is a highly effective regimen for patients with indolent lymphoid malignancies

“…6 The subsequent omission of corticosteroids from this regimen resulted in the elimination of PCP risk, but may have decreased its efficacy. 7 The relatively modest activity of anthracyclines in patients with CLL 8 and indolent NHL 9 suggested that other cytotoxic classes may be even more active in combination, leading to the development of the fludarabine and cyclophosphamide (FC) regimen.…”

Alkylating agents and nucleoside analogues in the treatment of B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia

“…24 Chlorambucil, when used alone or with prednisone, produces an initial response rate of between 60% and as high as 90%, with a complete response (CR) in up to 60% of all patients, depending on the doses administered and response criteria. [6][7][8][9] The doses of chlorambucil are very important for its efficacy in CLL. Administration of this drug orally as the first line treatment either at a dose of 4 to 8 mg/m 2 /day for 4-8 weeks or as a single dose of 15-30 mg/m 2 every 2 to 4 weeks results in remission in approximately 30 to 70% of patients.…”

“…26,27 The highest overall response rates (OR) and CR rates have been achieved when chlorambucil was administered at the fixed dose of 15 mg daily up to CR or grade 3 toxicity, or for a maximum of 6 months. 7,28 In the study performed by Jaksic et al 7 utilizing this dosage schedule, an 89.5% OR and a 59.5% CR was observed in patients with advanced and/or progressive CLL. Furthermore, this study showed that a maintenance treatment with chlorambucil 5-15 mg twice a week, according to the hematological tolerability, may be an important factor in prolonged response duration and overall survival time.…”

“…4 For many years alkylating agents, especially chlorambucil with or without steroids, have been considered the drugs of choice for the first line of treatment for CLL 5,6 and many hematologists still believe that such an approach should be considered as the gold standard. [7][8][9][10] More recently, renewed interest in CLL therapy has been created by the introduction of novel nucleoside analogues (NA), particularly fludarabine (FAMP) and cladribine (2-chlorodeoxyadenosine, 2-CdA), as well as combined chemotherapy. [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] The place of alkylating agents and NA in the management of CLL patients at the beginning of the new millennium, based on the results of randomized clinical trials, is the subject of this review.…”