High-dose intravenous estrogen therapy in advanced prostatic carcinoma

Ferro, M.; Gillatt, David; Symes, M. O.; Smith, Patrick J.

doi:10.1016/0090-4295(89)90248-3

Cited by 56 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…10,11 The widespread use of PSA in the clinical setting did not begin until the mid-1980s. The earliest observations had important clinical applications and included: 1) a decrease in the PSA level after hormonal therapy appeared to be correlated with response to treatment [11][12][13] ; 2) an increase in the PSA level after treatment appeared to precede and herald disease recurrence 11,14,15 ; and 3) after radical prostatectomy, PSA should be undetectable; if not, disease recurrence is the rule. 11,14,15 Several of these early investigators rejected the possibility of using PSA for screening because of a substantial overlap in PSA values between patients with and those without carcinoma and the resulting poor test specificity.…”

Section: Psa As a Tumor Markermentioning

confidence: 99%

Prostate‐specific antigen: A review of the validation of the most commonly used cancer biomarker

Hernández

Thompson

2004

Cancer

280

173

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Objective To review the literature and collect expert advice for proposing preventive and curative treatments of mouth and dental involvement in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc; scleroderma). Methods The literature pertaining to mouth and/or dental involvement related to SSc was reviewed, and recommendations were developed according to the suggestions of a French multidisciplinary working group of experts and validated by a lecture committee. Results Dentists face 3 main issues in caring for SSc patients: oral mucosa involvement, manducatory apparatus and mouth involvement responsible for limitations in mouth opening, and treatment‐related adverse events. An increased risk of tongue carcinoma has been noted. In patients with severe limitation in mouth opening (<30 mm), recommended treatments are a specific mouth‐opening rehabilitation program, flexible sectional dentures, and splint therapy. Indications for dental implants depend on the severity of SSc, comorbidities, and/or ongoing bisphosphonate treatment. Prevention of mouth infections and caries implies patient education and teaching about mouth and dental hygiene, periodontal maintenance, and treatment of sicca syndrome. Cessation of tobacco use is mandatory. Patient‐tailored rehabilitation may improve limitations in mouth opening. Systematic dental panoramic radiography allows for the early detection of dental caries. Conclusion Prevention of oral and dental complications is a major issue in patients with SSc. Dental treatment should be tailored to limitations in mouth opening, disease severity, and ongoing treatments.

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Section: Psa As a Tumor Markermentioning

confidence: 99%

Prostate‐specific antigen: A review of the validation of the most commonly used cancer biomarker

Hernández

Thompson

2004

Cancer

280

173

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“…IGFBP-6 therefore might be involved in the direct effects of DES in androgen-independent prostate cancer. (Ferro et al, 1989), and diethylstilbestrol diphosphate (DESdP) is a nontoxic prodrug form of DES (Flocks et al, 1955;Abramson et al, 1982). The palliative effects of DESdP administered to advanced-, hormoneinsensitive prostate cancer patients are well known (Flocks et al, 1955;Colapinto et al, 1961;Band et al, 1973;Droz et al, 1994;Takezawa et al, 2001).…”

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confidence: 99%

Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-6 inhibits prostate cancer cell proliferation: implication for anticancer effect of diethylstilbestrol in hormone refractory prostate cancer

et al. 2005

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Diethylstilbestrol (DES) is a synthetic oestrogen, and its anticancer effects are exerted in androgen-dependent prostate cancer. The administration of DES decreases serum testosterone to castration levels. However, in androgen-independent prostate cancer patients, who are already orchiectomised, the administration of DES improves symptoms and decreases prostate-specific antigen (PSA). The mechanisms responsible for these direct inhibitory effects have been explained as biological actions not mediated by oestrogen receptors. We assessed the gene expression profiles of prostate cancer cells treated with DES, and investigated direct inhibitory effects of DES. DES inhibited the proliferation of LNCaP and PC-3 cells. cDNA microarray analysis showed that expression of many genes was downregulated by DES. However, insulin-like growth factor binding protein 6 (IGFBP-6) gene expression levels were upregulated in PC-3 cells. IGFBP-6 gene expression and protein levels significantly increased after DES treatment. Recombinant IGFBP-6 inhibited cell proliferation, and the inhibitory effect of DES was neutralised by anti-IGFBP-6 antibody. From the immunohistochemical analysis of IGFBP-6 using biopsy samples from androgen-independent prostate cancer, we found IGFBP-6 expression in androgen independent prostate cancer, and that DES treatment increased the IGFBP-6 staining intensity of the cancer cells in one sample. These findings suggested that DES induces IGFBP-6, which inhibits cell proliferation in an androgen-independent prostate cancer cell line, PC-3. IGFBP-6 therefore might be involved in the direct effects of DES in androgen-independent prostate cancer. (Ferro et al, 1989), and diethylstilbestrol diphosphate (DESdP) is a nontoxic prodrug form of DES (Flocks et al, 1955;Abramson et al, 1982). The palliative effects of DESdP administered to advanced-, hormoneinsensitive prostate cancer patients are well known (Flocks et al, 1955;Colapinto et al, 1961;Band et al, 1973;Droz et al, 1994;Takezawa et al, 2001). DESdP relieves bone pain in the majority of patients with metastatic prostate cancer who receive therapy (Hawtrey et al, 1974;Takezawa et al, 2001).The administration of oestrogenic analogues causes the suppression of luteinising hormone-releasing-factor stimulation of the pituitary gland (Paulson, 1984). In addition, the subsequent reduction of testosterone synthesis induces anorchid levels of circulating serum testosterone (Paulson, 1984). The beneficial effect of DES therapy for previously orchiectomised patients, however, indicates that DES may not operate solely through the pituitary -gonadal axis. Several studies have sought to define the mode of DES action on a cellular level. DES treatment inhibits the growth of primary cultures derived from benign hyperplasia and prostate carcinoma samples (Brehmer et al, 1972) as well as prostate cancer cell lines (Schulz et al, 1990). Intracellular localisation studies of DES inhibition have targeted mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate synthase (McEnery et al, 1989), respir...

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“…Since 1989, PSA has been used in the United States as a marker of tumor response in prostate cancer (113). Approximately 95% of patients with mCRPC will have elevated PSA (114).…”

Section: Changing Tumor Growth Rate Kineticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunotherapy in prostate cancer: Emerging strategies against a formidable foe

Bilušić

Heery

Madan

2011

Vaccine

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Recent clinical trials have shown therapeutic vaccines to be promising treatment modalities against prostate cancer. Unlike preventive vaccines that teach the immune system to fight off specific microorganisms, therapeutic vaccines stimulate the immune system to recognize and attack certain cancer-associated proteins. Additional strategies are being investigated that combine vaccines and standard therapeutics, including radiation, chemotherapy, targeted therapies, and hormonal therapy, to optimize the vaccines’ effects. Recent vaccine late-phase clinical trials have reported evidence of clinical benefit while maintaining excellent quality of life. One such vaccine, sipuleucel-T, was recently FDA-approved for the treatment of metastatic prostate cancer. Another vaccine, PSA-TRICOM, is also showing promise in completed and ongoing randomized multicenter clinical trials in both early and late stage prostate cancer. Clinical results available to date indicate that immune-based therapies could play a significant role in the treatment of prostate and other malignancies.

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High-dose intravenous estrogen therapy in advanced prostatic carcinoma

Cited by 56 publications

References 10 publications

Prostate‐specific antigen: A review of the validation of the most commonly used cancer biomarker

Prostate‐specific antigen: A review of the validation of the most commonly used cancer biomarker

Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-6 inhibits prostate cancer cell proliferation: implication for anticancer effect of diethylstilbestrol in hormone refractory prostate cancer

Immunotherapy in prostate cancer: Emerging strategies against a formidable foe

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