The use of monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) by psychiatrists has declined over the past several decades with the expansion of psychiatrists' pharmacologic armamentarium. This trend has also been driven by concern about food and drug interactions and side effects, as well as waning physician experience with these medications. Many psychiatrists, in fact, never prescribe MAOIs. Recent research has liberalized the MAOI diet and identified symptom presentations more likely to respond to these medications. Thus, clinicians must continue to familiarize themselves with the properties of and indications for prescribing MAOIs. Keywords psychopharmacology; drug response; monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs); phenelzine; isocarboxazid; tranylcypromine; moclobemide; selegiline; dosage; physician prescribing practices; major depression; bipolar depression; atypical depression; treatment-refractory depression
CURRENTLY AVAILABLE MONOAMINE OXIDASE INHIBITORSThe nonselective monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) currently available in the United States include phenelzine (Nardil), isocarboxazid (Marplan), and tranylcypromine (Parnate). These medications are irreversible inhibitors of the enzyme monoamine oxidase (MAO).Selegeline is a selective inhibitor of type B MAO (MAO B ) and is currently approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration for parkinsonism. Current studies using selegeline for depression are discussed at the end of this article in the section on "Future Directions."Moclobemide is a reversible inhibitor of type A MAO (MAO A ) and is consequently believed to require fewer dietary restrictions.