High-dose, short-term exposure of mice to perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) or perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) affects the number of circulating neutrophils differently, but enhances the inflammatory responses of macrophages to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in a similar fashion

Mechanism of perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS)-induced apoptosis in the immunocyte

“…These results were consistent with similar observations in previous studies evaluating PFOS, perfluoroctanic acid (PFOA), and perfluorinated insecticide N-ethy1-perfluorooctane sulfonamide (N-EtPFOSA) (PedenAdams et al, 2008;Qazi et al, 2009;Kim et al, 2011;Zheng et al, 2011;Elcombe et al, 2012). For example, a recent study by Elcombe et al (2012) evaluated PFOSinduced liver-related effects in male Sprague Dawley rats; following a 7-day dietary exposure to K+PFOS at 20 or 100 ppm, there was a significantly increased liver weight.…”

“…In addition, moderate caloric restriction is known to reduce thymic and splenic weight and cellularity (Hosea et al, 2004), and alter the nucleolar structure and function in lymphocytes (Berger et al, 2005). Qazi et al (2009) recently reported that dietary treatment of mice with 0.02% PFOS and PFOA for 10 days (at serum PFOS levels 340 ± 16 mg/L) can reduce the total number of circulating white blood cells (leukopenia) and lymphocytes (lymphopenia), whereas the number of circulating neutrophils, the key cellular mediators of the innate immune response, was decreased only by PFOA. That study also suggested that PFOA induces neutropenia indirectly by the induction of severe food restriction.…”

“…Reports concerning the immunotoxicity of PFOS in vitro and in vivo have appeared in the literature (Keil et al, 2008;Lefebvre et al, 2008;Peden-Adams et al, 2008;Dong et al, 2009;Qazi et al, 2009;Brieger et al, 2011;Mollenhauer et al, 2011;Wang et al, 2011;Zheng et al, 2011;Corsini et al, 2012;Dewitt et al, 2012). However, there is still a lack of understanding of the toxicokinetics and mode(s)/mechanism(s) of immunotoxic action of PFOS.…”

Type 1 and Type 2 cytokines imbalance in adult male C57BL/6 mice following a 7-day oral exposure to perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS)

“…Our studies, as well as those of other investigators, have shown that these compounds can activate certain components of innate immunity (Qazi et al, 2009a) but suppress acquired immunity (Yang et al, 2000(Yang et al, , 2001(Yang et al, , 2002aDewitt et al, 2008;Peden-Adams et al, 2008;Dong et al, 2009;Qazi et al, 2009b;Zheng et al, 2009). For instance, 7-10 days of dietary or gavage exposure of mice to either PFOS or perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) causes severe atropy of the thymus (central organ) and spleen (peripheral organ), two important immune organs for acquired immune responses (Yang et al, 2000(Yang et al, , 2001(Yang et al, , 2002aQazi et al, 2009b).…”

Dietary exposure to perfluorooctanoate or perfluorooctane sulfonate induces hypertrophy in centrilobular hepatocytes and alters the hepatic immune status in mice

“…In addition to these hepatic effects, a number of studies have shown that short-term or sub-chronic exposure to relatively high doses of PFOA or PFOS can suppress various aspects of adaptive immunity [28][29][30][31][32][33][34], while at the same time activating the innate branch of the immune system [35].…”