Purpose: Three boost radiotherapy (RT) techniques were compared to evaluate the dosimetric effect of seroma reduction during RT after breast-conserving surgery (BCS). Materials and methods: Twenty-one patients who developed seroma after BCS were included. Each patient underwent three CT scans: one week before RT (CT -1 ), in the third (CT 3 ) and fifth (CT 5 ) week of RT. For each patient, three plans were generated. 1) SEQ: whole breast irradiation planned on CT -1, sequential boost planned on CT 5 , 2) SIB: simultaneous integrated boost planned on CT -1 , 3) SIB adaptive radiation therapy (SIB-ART): planned on CT -1 and re-planned on CT 3 . Irradiated volumes, mean lung (MLD) and maximum heart dose (HD max ) were projected and compared on CT 5 . Results: On average 62% seroma reduction during RT was observed. Volumes receiving ≥107% of prescribed whole breast dose were significantly smaller with SIB-ART compared to SEQ and SIB. The undesired volume receiving ≥95% of prescribed total dose was also significantly smaller with SIB-ART. For SEQ, SIB-ART and SIB respectively, small but significant differences were found in MLD (4.2 vs. 4.6 vs. 4.7Gy) and in HD max for patients with left-sided breast cancer (39.9 vs. 35.8 vs. 36.9Gy). Conclusions: This study demonstrates a dosimetric advantage for patients with seroma when simultaneous integrated boost is used with re-planning halfway through treatment.
IntroductionRadiotherapy (RT) following breast-conserving surgery (BCS) has been proven to be effective in improving local control and long-term survival [1]. Following whole breast irradiation (WBI), an additional boost to the tumor bed was found to further decrease local recurrence [2]. In case the boost target volume (TV boost ) on the initial planning CT includes post-operative seroma, it is frequently assumed that it does not change significantly during RT. However, prior studies have demonstrated 36% to 50% seroma reduction prior to RT [3,4], and 22% to 62% during RT [5][6][7][8][9]. Due to seroma reduction, the volume of breast tissue not intended to receive boost RT will become excessive towards the end of treatment, with increasing risk of fibrosis and additional worsening of cosmetic outcome [10,11].Though we now know that TV boost is dynamic during RT and the irradiated volume should be kept as small as possible to optimize cosmetic results, no investigation has addressed the dosimetric consequences of different planning techniques specifically for boost volumes including seroma. Boost irradiation can be planned and delivered separately from or integrated with WBI. Planning of boost irradiation after WBI has the advantage of obtaining a second CT scan specifically for boost planning prior to boost irradiation, thereby accounting for seroma reduction during WBI. A large seroma reduction is primarily to be expected in patients with a large initial seroma volume [8,9], suggesting that a sequential boost will minimize irradiation overdose in this patient group. On the other hand, simultaneous integrated...