High-efficiency coupling structure for a single-line-defect photonic-crystal waveguide

Prather, Dennis W.; Murakowski, Janusz; Shi, Shouyuan; Venkataraman, Sriram; Sharkawy, Ahmed; Chen, Caihua; Pustai, David

doi:10.1364/ol.27.001601

Cited by 82 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…For the structure of PCW in Delphine et al ( 2008 ) , the transmission ef fi ciency of direct coupling is only 18 %. To avoid the in fl uence of coupling loss on the output of sensors, many coupling structures and techniques, such as interface resonant mode (Barclay et al 2004 ) , J-coupler structure (Prather et al 2002 ) , and adiabatic coupling (Mekis and Joannopoulos 2001 ;Sanchis et al 2002 ;Delphine et al 2008 ) , have been proposed and applied by many researchers. Interface resonant mode (Barclay et al 2004 ) can achieve a very high transmission in principle, but the useful bandwidth is limited by the resonance width.…”

Section: Problems With Coupling Lossesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Interface resonant mode (Barclay et al 2004 ) can achieve a very high transmission in principle, but the useful bandwidth is limited by the resonance width. The J-coupler mode (Prather et al 2002 ) has a transmission of greater than 90 %, but it generally introduced radiation loss, which lowers the coupling ef fi ciency. Adiabatic coupling (Mekis and Joannopoulos 2001 ;Sanchis et al 2002 ;Delphine et al 2008 ) predicts near 100 % transmission over a large frequency range provided the change is slow; conversely, it requires very small changes over relatively large length scales, making manufacturing tolerances very strict.…”

Section: Problems With Coupling Lossesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Photonic Crystals

Korotcenkov

2013

Integrated Analytical Systems

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Section: Problems With Coupling Lossesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Problems With Coupling Lossesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photonic Crystals

Korotcenkov

2013

Integrated Analytical Systems

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“…Genetic algorithms have also been employed to design couplers using arbitrarily placed scattering cylinders (Jiang et al 2003, Hakansson, Sanchis, Sanchez-Dehesa andMarti 2005). (Non-taper-based couplers, from free space or parallel waveguides, have also been considered (Kuang et al 2002, Prather et al 2002, Barclay et al 2004, Hakansson, Sanchez-Dehesa and Sanchis 2005). Although this previous work did not explicitly account for uncertainties in the model parameters, the mostly small number of design parameters combined with the moderate group velocities help avoid non-manufacturable designs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Robust design of slow-light tapers in periodic waveguides

Mutapcic

Boyd

Farjadpour

et al. 2009

Engineering Optimization

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This article concerns the design of tapers for coupling power between uniform and slow-light periodic waveguides. New optimization methods are described for designing robust tapers, which not only perform well under nominal conditions, but also over a given set of parameter variations. When the set of parameter variations models the inevitable variations typical in the manufacture or operation of the coupler, a robust design is one that will have a high yield, despite these parameter variations.The ideas of successive refinement, and robust optimization based on multi-scenario optimization with iterative sampling of uncertain parameters, using a fast method for approximately evaluating the reflection coefficient, are introduced. Robust design results are compared to a linear taper, and to optimized tapers that do not take parameter variation into account. Finally, robust performance of the resulting designs is verified using an accurate, but much more expensive, method for evaluating the reflection coefficient.

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“…Most of them proposed tapered waveguide structures 2-5 , or by using reflective structures to focus the light into the waveguide. 6 A different approach consists of using the anisotropy of the PC's equifrequency surfaces.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated optical devices design by genetic algorithm

Sánchis¹,

Håkansson²,

López-Zanón³

et al. 2004

Applied Physics Letters

111

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In this work we use multiple scattering in conjunction with a genetic algorithm to reliably determine the optimized photonic-crystal-based structure able to perform a specific optical task. The genetic algorithm operates on a population of candidate structures to produce new candidates with better performance in an iterative process. The potential of this approach is illustrated by designing a spot size converter that has a very low F-number (F=0.47) and a conversion ratio of 11:1. Also, we have designed a coupler device that introduces the light from the optical fiber into a photoniccrystal-based waveguide with a coupling efficiency over 87% for a wavelength that can be tuned to 1.5 µm.42. 42.25.Fx;42.82.Bq; A new generation of optical devices is envisaged thanks to the properties of photonic crystals (PC's).1 Though the recent advances in three-dimensional PC's structures, in the last years much attention has been focused on systems based on two-dimensional (2D) PC's because of their easiness in the fabrication process. Thus, very compact optical devices and circuits can be designed by introducing point and/or line defects. In order to use such PC circuits in actual applications it is necessary to establish a connection with an optical fiber. However, the core of the optical fiber is about one order of magnitude larger than the PC-based waveguide. Therefore, the design of an efficient (low loss) spot size converter is a crucial goal in the field of PC; its solution will introduce the PCs devices in the market place. In this regard, several groups 2-7 have tackled this problem by using different approaches. Most of them proposed tapered waveguide structures 2-5 , or by using reflective structures to focus the light into the waveguide.6 A different approach consists of using the anisotropy of the PC's equifrequency surfaces. 7This letter introduces a method that is useful in determining the optimized configuration of a 2D-PC structure capable of performing a requested optical task with high efficiency . The method is illustrated by finding a spot size converter (lens) that has a conversion ratio 11:1. In addition, the designed PC structure that involves a spot-size converter in connection with a PC-based waveguide it is presented. The insertion loss predicted for this new structure is about 13%, which is of the lowest reported by numerical simulations based on different coupling mechanisms. 2-6Our method is based on a binary-coded genetic algorithm (GA), an optimization strategy inspired by Darwinian evolution 8 . This method has been applied to solve a wide variety of problems in different fields like, for example, molecular geometry optimization 9 , material design 10 , and artificial intelligence 11 . In the field of optics, the GA has been employed in the synthesis of Bragg gratings that conform to a particular spectrum, 12 , phase recovering from a fringe pattern 13 , and in designing irregular lateral tapering. 2Although our proposal is general and applicable to any dimensionality, here we analyze 2D-PCs f...

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High-efficiency coupling structure for a single-line-defect photonic-crystal waveguide

Cited by 82 publications

References 5 publications

Photonic Crystals

Photonic Crystals

Robust design of slow-light tapers in periodic waveguides

Integrated optical devices design by genetic algorithm

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