High Efficiency Energy Conversion Systems for Liquid Nitrogen Automobiles

Knowlen, C.; Mattick, A. T.; Bruckner, A. P.; Hertzberg, A.

doi:10.4271/981898

Cited by 53 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…CES [13,14], which can be regarded as a special type of lowtemperature TES, is a new EES technology. The principle of CES is to utilize the atmosphere as a heat source to vaporize and superheat some cryogenic fluid (e.g., liquid nitrogen or liquid air) in a thermal power cycle.…”

Section: Emerging Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid electrical energy storage systems

Pedram

Chang

Kim

et al. 2010

Proceedings of the 16th ACM/IEEE International Symposium on Low Power Electronics and Design

100

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Electrical energy is a high quality form of energy that can be easily converted to other forms of energy with high efficiency and, even more importantly, it can be used to control lower grades of energy quality with ease. However, building a cost-effective electrical energy storage (EES) system is a challenging task despite steady advances in the design and manufacturing of EES elements including various battery and supercapacitor technologies. As of today, no single type of EES element fulfills high energy density, high power delivery capacity, low cost per unit of storage, long cycle life, low leakage, and so on at the same time.Unlike conventional EES systems, we introduce a HEES (hybrid EES) system comprising heterogeneous EES elements. Our proposed HEES system builds on the concepts of computer memory system architecture and management in order to achieve the attributes of an ideal EES system through appropriate allocation and organization of various types of EES elements. We also introduce a HEES design considerations which should be taken into account to optimize the amortized cost for the system, including the initial cost (cost per capacity), the operating cost (efficiency), the maintenance cost (cycle life and disposal cost), and so forth.

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Section: Emerging Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid electrical energy storage systems

Pedram

Chang

Kim

et al. 2010

Proceedings of the 16th ACM/IEEE International Symposium on Low Power Electronics and Design

100

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“…When two-stage expansion process is adopted, the percentage of utilization is 35%-45%, corresponding to an energy density of 280.1-360.0 kJ/kg at the pressure range from 3 to 6 MPa. References [5,6] introduced a novel Rankine cycle with Brayton cycle as the top cycle and helium as the working medium; the percentage of utilization of cryogenic energy is between 38%-68%. Reference [7] introduced a multistage multimedium cascading Rankine cycle where the utilization reaches 60%.…”

Section: Running Efficiency Analyses Of Air-powered Enginementioning

confidence: 99%

Practicality study on air-powered vehicle

Lin

2008

Front. Energy Power Eng. China

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To investigate the feasibility and outlook of air-powered vehicles including compressed air-powered vehicle and liquid nitrogen-powered vehicle, thermodynamic analysis and experiment data were used to analyze the energy density, performance, safety, running efficiency, fuel circulation economy and consumer acceptance, etc. The results show that compressed air and liquid nitrogen have similar energy density as Ni-H battery; the characteristics of an air-powered engine is suitable for driving a vehicle; the circulation efficiency of liquid nitrogen is 3.6%-14% and that of compressed air is 25%-32.3% in practice, and existing technology can assure its safety. It is concluded that though the performance of an air-powered engine is inferior to that of the traditional inert combustion engine, an airpowered vehicle is fit for future green cars to realize the sustainable development of society and environment.

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“…In view of these attractive features, the compressed air engine may become the dominant technology in place of the electric and hydrogen cell vehicle markets. Some studies [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21] for optimizing the efficiency of various types of turbines have also been done.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%