High efficiency sequentially vapor grown n-i-p CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite solar cells with undoped P3HT as p-type heterojunction layer

Abbas, Hisham A.; Kottokkaran, Ranjith; Balaji, G.; Samiee, Mehran; Zhang, Liang; Kitahara, Andrew R.; Noack, Max; Dalal, Vikram L.

doi:10.1063/1.4905932

Cited by 93 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…• advanced fabrication technologies; [ 59 ] • for the commercial development of solar cells, it will be great if a clear winner in terms of device structure emerges soon, so as to make cell development more CdTe-and less CIGS-like.…”

Section: Further Investigationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in Perovskite Solar Cells

et al. 2016

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widely commercialized, but possiblities to increase their performance are limited, because nowadays the so-called balance of systems (BoS) cost of PV modules makes up most of the cost. [ 1 ] As much of the BoS scales with area, performance improvement seems the only way to decrease the cost of PV power further. Therefore, new PV cells are sought either to allow for higher effi ciencies than what is possible with Si PV without cost increase, or, as explained in section 3.4, to provide lowcost added effi ciency to Si PV. Emerging solar cells such as dye-sensitized, bulkheterojunction and quantum-dot solar cells can be fabricated via low-temperature solution processing, that holds promise for low-cost large scale application, but best power conversion effi ciencies (PCE) are half of, or less than that of the best commercial Si PV cells. [ 2 ] This is where perovskite solar cells enter, as for the fi rst time in PV history it is possible to produce high-effi ciency cells at low monetary and energy costs, with apparent ease of fabrication from earth-abundant, readily available raw materials. The PCE for perovskite solar cells has increased from 2.2% to 20.1% since 2006, showing an inviting vista of commercialization. [ 3,4 ] Perovskite solar cells are named after the crystal structure of the light absorbers, the structure of the mineral CaTiO 3 . Many compounds with ABX 3 stoichiometry take this structure, where A and B are 12-and 8-coordinates cations, respectively, and X is the anion. [ 4 ] Of the many ABX 3 only few are suitable to be efficient light absorbers for solar cells due to requirements such as appropriate bandgap for good light-harvesting ability, energy level/band alignment with contacting materials, long charge carrier lifetime, τ, and high mobility, µ. Perovskites generally have divalent anions, and the strong electrostatic bonding mostly makes their (high) bandgaps not suitable for solar PV. Mitzi et al. initiated using perovskites containing halides, ammonium cations and Sn 2+ in optoelectronic devices, which formed the basis for the development of perovskites for solar cells. [ 5 ] Here we will focus on such halide perovskites, together with one divalent (Pb 2+ ) and one monovalent (mostly CH 3 NH 3 + ) cation. The most effi cient halide perovskite solar absorbers consist of organic ammonium ions (CH 3 NH 3 + or NH = CHNH 3 + ), Pb 2+ and halide ions (I − , Br − ).[ 4 ] CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 possesses broad and intense light absorption. It is an ambipolar semiconductor (can be n-or p-type), and its charge carriers can have long diffusion lengths and lifetimes, which allow excellent PCE for solar cells made with it. [3][4][5][6] Another advantage of perovskite absorbers is the low-temperature solution-processing ability, which helps

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Section: Further Investigationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in Perovskite Solar Cells

et al. 2016

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“…The PbI 2 film (200 nm) was first evaporated on the compact TiO 2 layer coated FTO substrate in the vacuum chamber and then transferred into a graphite vessel for perovskite formation in a nitrogen-filled glove box. 28 Yang et al reported a modified sequential evaporation process by alternating precursor layer of PbCl 2 and CH 3 NH 3 I (Fig. 4).…”

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confidence: 99%

Research Update: Hybrid organic-inorganic perovskite (HOIP) thin films and solar cells by vapor phase reaction

Shen

Chiang

et al. 2016

APL Materials

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With the rapid progress in deposition techniques for hybrid organic-inorganic perovskite (HOIP) thin films, this new class of photovoltaic (PV) technology has achieved material quality and power conversion efficiency comparable to those established technologies. Among the various techniques for HOIP thin films preparation, vapor based deposition technique is considered as a promising alternative process to substitute solution spin-coating method for large-area or scale-up preparation. This technique provides some unique benefits for high-quality perovskite crystallization, which are discussed in this research update.

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“…The requirement is to create vacuum environment where enough heat is given to the evaporants to attain vapour pressure required for evaporation [62]. The evaporated materials are allowed to condense on the substrate kept at a suitable temperature [30].…”

Section: Thermal Evaporationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress and Prospect on Stability of Perovskite Photovoltaics

2017

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A B S T R A C TSolar energy has the potential to solve world energy problem as it is pollution-free. It could be enhanced using perovskite material as absorber in perovskite solar cells. The history and what this material is made up of are emphasized. Different methods of fabrication, improving the power conversion efficiency (PCE) and factors influencing degradation of perovskite based solar are stated. Because of the fact that this material based solar cells are not yet developed, its stability was reviewed to bring different technology employed in tackling the stability aiming for a better understanding of the material and the devices, and facilitates the commercialization of perovskite solar cell.

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High efficiency sequentially vapor grown n-i-p CH₃NH₃PbI₃ perovskite solar cells with undoped P3HT as p-type heterojunction layer

Cited by 93 publications

References 40 publications

Advances in Perovskite Solar Cells

Advances in Perovskite Solar Cells

Research Update: Hybrid organic-inorganic perovskite (HOIP) thin films and solar cells by vapor phase reaction

Progress and Prospect on Stability of Perovskite Photovoltaics

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